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"text": "\n155983\nDevelopment of a new, simple rat model of early alcohol-induced liver injury based on sensitization of Kupffer cells.\n\nEnomoto, N\n\nYamashina, S\n\nKono, H\n\nSchemmer, P\n\nRivera, CA\n\nEnomoto, A\n\nNishiura, T\n\nNishimura, T\n\nBrenner, DA\n\nThurman, RG\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000080531400010\n10347108.0\n10.1002/hep.510290633\nNone\nThe continuous intragastric in vivo enteral feeding model in the rat developed by Tsukamoto and French has been very useful; however, it requires surgical expertise. Recently, we found that Kupffer cells isolated from rats treated only once with ethanol were sensitized to endotoxin 24 hours later. Accordingly, these experiments were designed to determine if a new, simple animal model of ethanol hepatotoxicity could be developed based on Kupffer cell sensitization. Female Wistar rats were given ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) once every 24 hours intragastrically. Livers were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to assess steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis, and tissue triglycerides, serum transaminases, and plasma endotoxin were measured. Kupffer cells were isolated 0 to 24 hours after one intragastric dose of ethanol daily, and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was measured using fura-2, while tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD14 was evaluated by Western and Northern analysis. Ethanol caused steatosis, necrosis, and inflammation in only a few weeks, and after 8 weeks, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were doubled. Values were similar to levels achieved in the enteral feeding model. Triglycerides were also increased significantly by ethanol as expected, and endotoxin levels were increased to 70 to 80 pg/mL. This latter increase was prevented (<20 pg/mL) by antibiotics implicating endotoxin. In isolated Kupffer cells from untreated control rats, [Ca2+]i increased to 82 +/- 7 nmol/L after addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL), and levels were elevated about twofold by ethanol given 24 hours earlier (174 +/- 15 nmol/L). In addition, TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells was increased fourfold in cells isolated from rats treated with ethanol 24 hours earlier. Sterilization of the gut with antibiotics blocked all effects of ethanol on [Ca2+]i and TNF-alpha release completely. Moreover, 4 weeks after ethanol, CD14 in Kupffer cells was elevated about twofold. A new, simple chronic model of ethanol hepatotoxicity has been developed here based on sensitization of Kupffer cells to endotoxin.\n\nSchemmer, Peter\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n159123\nLactobacillus buchneri S-layer as carrier for an Ara h 2-derived peptide for peanut allergen-specific immunotherapy.\n\nAnzengruber, J\n\nBublin, M\n\nBönisch, E\n\nJanesch, B\n\nTscheppe, A\n\nBraun, ML\n\nVarga, EM\n\nHafner, C\n\nBreiteneder, H\n\nSchäffer, C\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000400719200009\n28212503.0\n10.1016/j.molimm.2017.02.005\nPMC5386144\nPeanut allergy is an IgE-mediated severe hypersensitivity disorder. The lack of a treatment of this potentially fatal allergy has led to intensive research on vaccine development. Here, we describe the design and initial characterization of a carrier-bound peptide derived from the most potent peanut allergen, Ara h 2, as a candidate vaccine. Based on the adjuvant capability of bacterial surface (S-) layers, a fusion protein of the S-layer protein SlpB from Lactobacillus buchneri CD034 and the Ara h 2-derived peptide AH3a42 was produced. This peptide comprised immunodominant B-cell epitopes as well as one T cell epitope. The fusion protein SlpB-AH3a42 was expressed in E. coli, purified, and tested for its IgE binding capacity as well as for its ability to activate sensitized rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cells. The capacity of Ara h 2-specific IgG rabbit-antibodies raised against SlpB-AH3a42 or Ara h 2 to inhibit IgE-binding was determined by ELISA inhibition assays using sera of peanut allergic patients sensitized to Ara h 2. IgE specific to the SlpB-AH3a42 fusion protein was detected in 69% (25 of 36) of the sera. Despite the recognition by IgE, the SlpB-AH3a42 fusion protein was unable to induce β-hexosaminidase release from sensitized RBL cells at concentrations up to 100ng per ml. The inhibition of IgE-binding to the natural allergen observed after pre-incubation of the 20 sera with rabbit anti-SlpB-AH3a42 IgG was more than 30% for four sera, more than 20% for eight sera, and below 10% for eight sera. In comparison, anti-Ara h 2 rabbit IgG antibodies inhibited binding to Ara h 2 by 48% ±13.5%. Our data provide evidence for the feasibility of this novel approach towards the development of a peanut allergen peptide-based carrier-bound vaccine. Our experiments further indicate that more than one allergen-peptide will be needed to induce a broader protection of patients allergic to Ara h 2.\n Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.\n\nVarga, Eva-Maria\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n169782\nTowards a cardiac allocation score: a retrospective calculation for 73 patients from a German transplant center.\n\nClaes, S\n\nBerchtold-Herz, M\n\nZhou, Q\n\nTrummer, G\n\nBock, M\n\nZirlik, A\n\nBeyersdorf, F\n\nBode, C\n\nGrundmann, S\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000396082800001\n28270168.0\n10.1186/s13019-017-0575-7\nPMC5341187\nDue to a growing discrepancy between the transplant waiting list and decreasing numbers of available donor hearts, cardiac transplantation rates in Germany have been declining in the past years. Currently, patients on the waiting list are prioritized by medical urgency and waiting time and therefore a majority of all cardiac transplants is performed in very ill patients. Recently, a different allocation algorithm was proposed that included predicted post-transplant survival as a parameter for organ allocation. So far, little data exists on how such a "Cardiac Allocation Score" (CAS) relates to our current transplant patient population and on how such a change in organ allocation could change clinical practice.\n We calculated a theoretical retrospective Cardiac Allocation Score for 73 patients recruited and transplanted at our medium-volume center in Germany based on a hypothetical scoring algorithm recently published by Eurotransplant.\n Overall, 37 patients (50.7%) were transplanted on high urgency status (HU), 27 (37%) were being supported by a VAD at time of transplant. 57 (78.1%) were male. We found a relatively normal distribution of the hypothetical CAS with a median of 32.91 and a mean of 31.95 +/-10.02. Overall, CAS-Scores were lower than previously described for a Eurotransplant patient cohort of high urgency patients, but there was a significant overlap in score values between patients on HU and T status. CAS-values of VAD-supported patients were lower than in patients without mechanical support. The IMPACT-score as part of the CAS was used for prediction of post-transplant survival and seems suitable to predict outcome in our patient population.\n In a retrospective analysis, the recently proposed Cardiac Allocation Score seems to show a normal distribution of priority values in our patient cohort. The IMPACT-score predicted outcome after transplantation and could serve as part of the CAS-algorithm to predict post-transplant survival in this single center real-world scenario. Implementation of the CAS could significantly change organ allocation practice, including a potential prioritization of current T-status patients over HU-status patients.\n\nZirlik, Andreas\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n181802\nVaccine confidence among parents: Large scale study in eighteen European countries.\n\nHadjipanayis, A\n\nvan Esso, D\n\nDel Torso, S\n\nDornbusch, HJ\n\nMichailidou, K\n\nMinicuci, N\n\nPancheva, R\n\nMujkic, A\n\nGeitmann, K\n\nSyridou, G\n\nAltorjai, P\n\nPasinato, A\n\nValiulis, A\n\nSoler, P\n\nCirstea, O\n\nIlly, K\n\nMollema, L\n\nMazur, A\n\nNeves, A\n\nZavrsnik, J\n\nLapii, F\n\nEfstathiou, E\n\nKamphuis, M\n\nGrossman, Z\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000515445900029\n31848051.0\n10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.068\nNone\nDespite the fact that vaccines save 2-3 million lives worldwide every year, a percentage of children are not getting appropriately vaccinated, thus leading to disease outbreaks. One of the major reasons of low vaccine uptake in Europe is vaccine hesitancy, contributing to the recent measles outbreaks. Monitoring of vaccine hesitancy is valuable in early identification of vaccine concerns.\n We performed an eighteen country European survey on parents' attitudes and behaviors regarding their children's immunization. Parents having at least one child 1-4 years old were mostly recruited by primary care paediatricians to reply to a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the European Academy of Paediatrics Research in Ambulatory Setting Network steering committee, based on similar surveys. An individual level hesitancy score was constructed using the answers to 21 questions, and correlations of the score with socio-demographic characteristics and types of providers were explored. To assess inter country differences, a country level self -reported confidence was defined.\n Fifty six percent and 24% of 5736 respondents defined themselves as "not at all hesitant", and "somewhat hesitant", respectively. Parents who consulted general practitioners were more hesitant than parents who consulted pediatricians (p < 0.05). Consultation with homeopathists was associated with the highest reported hesitancy (p < 0.05). Vaccine confidence was highest in Portugal and Cyprus, and lowest in Bulgaria and Poland.\n The majority of parents in Europe believe in the importance of childhood vaccination. However, significant lack of confidence was found in certain European countries, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring, awareness and response plans. The possible influence of different types of healthcare providers on parental decisions demonstrated for the first time in our survey, calls for further research. Monitoring and continuous medical education efforts aimed mostly at those professionals who might not be likely to recommend vaccination are suggested.\n Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.\n\nDornbusch, Hans Jürgen\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n182007\nEfficacy and safety of the therapeutic cancer vaccine tecemotide (L-BLP25) in early breast cancer: Results from a prospective, randomised, neoadjuvant phase II study (ABCSG 34).\n\nSinger, CF\n\nPfeiler, G\n\nHubalek, M\n\nBartsch, R\n\nStöger, H\n\nPichler, A\n\nPetru, E\n\nBjelic-Radisic, V\n\nGreil, R\n\nRudas, M\n\nMaria Tea, MK\n\nWette, V\n\nPetzer, AL\n\nSevelda, P\n\nEgle, D\n\nDubsky, PC\n\nFilipits, M\n\nFitzal, F\n\nExner, R\n\nJakesz, R\n\nBalic, M\n\nTinchon, C\n\nBago-Horvath, Z\n\nFrantal, S\n\nGnant, M\n\nAustrian Breast &\n\nColorectal Cancer Study Group\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000535714200008\n32325419.0\n10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.018\nNone\nImmune-based strategies represent a promising approach in breast cancer (BC) treatment. The glycoprotein mucin-1 (MUC-1) is overexpressed in more than 90% of BC patients, and is targeted by the cancer vaccine tecemotide. We have investigated the efficacy and safety of tecemotide when added to neoadjuvant standard-of-care (SoC) treatment in early BC patients.\n A total of 400 patients with HER2-early BC were recruited into this prospective, multicentre, randomised 2-arm academic phase II trial. Patients received preoperative SoC treatment (chemotherapy or endocrine therapy) with or without tecemotide. Postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor (ER)+++, or ER++ and Ki67 < 14%, and G1, tumours ('luminal A' tumours) received 6 months of letrozole. Postmenopausal patients with triple-negative, ER-/+/++ and Ki67 ≥ 14%, and with G3 tumours, as well as premenopausal patients, received four cycles of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide plus four cycles of docetaxel. Primary end-point was residual cancer burden (RCB; 0/I versus II/III) at surgery. Secondary end-points included pathological complete response (pCR), safety, and quality of life.\n We observed no significant difference in RCB 0/I rates between patients with (36.4%) and without (31.9%) tecemotide in the overall study population (p = 0.40) nor in endocrine and chemotherapy-treated subgroups (25.0% versus 13.3%, p = 0.17; 39.6% versus 37.8%, p = 0.75, respectively). The addition of tecemotide did not affect overall pCR rates (22.5% versus 17.4%, p = 0.23), MUC-1 expression, or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes content. Tecemotide did not increase toxicity when compared to SoC therapy alone.\n Neoadjuvant tecemotide is safe, but does not improve RCB or pCR rates in patients receiving standard neoadjuvant therapy.\n Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.\n\nBalic, Marija\n\nBjelic-Radisic, Vesna\n\nPetru, Edgar\n\nStoeger, Herbert\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n4567\nAnti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab as an alternative to corticosteroids in the treatment of human leukocyte antigen B27-associated acute anterior uveitis.\n\nEl-Shabrawi, Y\n\nHermann, J\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000179652000028\n12466181.0\n10.1016%2FS0161-6420%2802%2901292-7\nNone\nOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potentials of infliximab, a mouse-human chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds both the soluble form and the membrane-bound precursor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), thus inhibiting a broad range of biologic activities of TNF-alpha, in the therapy of patients with acute HLA B27-associated anterior uveitis. DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seven consecutive patients with acute onset of HLA B27-associated anterior uveitis, with at least three anterior chamber cells. INTERVENTION: Infliximab IV (Centocor, Malvern, PA) at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight was used as the only anti-inflammatory drug. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anterior chamber cells and flare were evaluated before infliximab treatment and at defined time points after treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed in all patients before IV delivery of infliximab and were re-evaluated after 1 week. RESULTS: Patients were observed for a mean period of 17 +/- 0.8 months. Seven patients received a single infliximab infusion of 10 mg/kg body weight. One patient received a second infusion 3 weeks after the first because of a uveitis flare-up. The median duration (+/- standard deviation) of uveitis was 8 +/- 12 days. All patients responded to infliximab with immediate improvement of clinical symptoms and a rapid decrease in anterior chamber cells. Total resolution of the uveitis was achieved with infliximab as the sole anti-inflammatory drug in all but one patient, who also showed systemic inflammatory activity, as indicated by a threefold increase in the serum CRP level. A relapse was seen in four patients after a median period of 5 +/- 6.4 months. CONCLUSION: Infliximab proved to be a powerful therapeutic agent in acute HLA B27-associated uveitis and may therefore be a future alternative or supplement to steroid treatment. Larger controlled studies on the efficacy and dosage of infliximab in different forms of anterior uveitis will nonetheless be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-TNF-alpha treatment in acute, as well as chronic, uveitis.\n\nEl-Shabrawi, Yosuf\n\nHermann, Josef\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n8776\nIntermediate filaments and desmosomal plaque proteins in testicular seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours as revealed by immunohistochemistry.\n\nDenk, H\n\nMoll, R\n\nWeybora, W\n\nLackinger, E\n\nVennigerholz, F\n\nBeham, A\n\nFranke, WW\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:A1987F556400003\n2433834.0\n10.1007/BF00711286\nNone\nSeminomas and non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours were studied for the presence of cytokeratin and vimentin filaments and desmosomes using immunohistochemical methods. In the majority of the classical seminomas and in seminomatous area of mixed tumours most tumour cells appeared to lack cytokeratin filaments. Some seminomas contained a focally variable proportion of cells exhibiting cytokeratin-positive structures while other cases contained only few seminoma cells with a well developed fibrillar cytokeratin network. Gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal proteins from microdissected regions revealed cytokeratin polypeptides nos. 8 and 18 typical of simple epithelia. In one seminoma, however, all, or almost all, tumour cells contained cytokeratin filaments. This finding is in line with the assumption of transitional forms between seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Despite the lack - or variable expression - of cytokeratin filaments most seminoma cells contained desmosomes, although often few in number and irregularly distributed at the circumference of the cells. Loosely arranged and often very sparse vimentin fibrils were found in many, but not all seminoma cells. Double label immunofluorescence microscopy suggested that the majority of desmosomes was associated with intermediate filaments of the vimentin type. In contrast, in carcinoma cells of malignant teratomas, in well differentiated epithelial cells of intermediate-type malignant teratomas and in trophoblastic cells present in trophoblastic-type malignant teratomas cytokeratin filament bundles as well as desmosomes were decorated. The arrangement and density of the cytokeratin filament skeleton and of desmosomes varied with degree of maturation of the tissue. The most regular distribution and intensive staining of cytokeratin filaments and desmoplakin was found in "mature" tissues. Vimentin was demonstrated in mesenchymal areas and stroma cells. The results show that seminomas are distinguished from most other germ cell and non-germ cell tumours by the presence of true desmosomes together with scanty vimentin filaments in most tumour cells. In addition, they indicate that seminoma cells can be heterogeneous in their cytoskeletal complement and may include cells with cytokeratin expression, indicative of a multipotential character of the initially transformed cell(s).\n\nDenk, Helmut\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n92337\nThe relationship between emotional distress, cognitive performance and health - related quality of life in patients with hepatitis C prior to antiviral treatment.\n\nRothenhäusler, HB\n\nScherr, M\n\nPutz-Bankuti, C\n\nKapper, A\n\nStepan, A\n\nBaranyi, A\n\nHaas-Krammer, A\n\nHaas, B\n\nStauber, R\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000285557500005\n19676008.0\n10.1055/s-0028-1109574\nNone\nRecent epidemiologic studies suggest that more than 175 million individuals are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. In the past few years, outcome studies in chronic HCV patients are no longer focusing solely on traditional end points such as mortality rates but on psychosocial well-being such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL), emotional states, and neuropsychological functioning. The purpose of our exploratory study was to assess cross sectionally the frequency of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, cognitive deficits, and impairments in HRQoL in chronic HCV patients prior to antiviral treatment, and to investigate how cognitive impairments and emotional distress were related to quality of life. We recruited 34 chronic HCV patients who had presented for initial assessment of the need for antiviral therapy. Psychometric observer-rating and self-rating scales were administered to evaluate posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS-10), depressive symptoms (BDI), HRQoL (SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire), and cognitive functioning (SKT). 32.4 % (n = 11) of the sample suffered from clinical depression, and 8.8 % (n = 3) had a posttraumatic stress syndrome. 8.8 % (n = 3) of the sample showed cognitive impairments. Significant impairments in HRQoL were found in the health-related domains vitality, role-emotional, and role-physical. The severity of emotional distress as measured on the BDI and PTSS-10 was associated with decrements in HRQoL. However, lower cognitive function scores on the SKT were not associated with lower HRQoL SF-36 values. Chronic HCV patients seem to face a major risk of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction, and the presence of emotional distress is associated with impairments in quality of life. We therefore underscore the need for early and comprehensive bio-psycho-social diagnosis and therapy of chronic HCV patients in order to treat emotional distress and enhance patients; quality of life at an early stage before initiating antiviral therapy, as well as to expand the pool of patients eligible to receive antiviral therapy.\n\nBaranyi, Andreas\n\nRothenhäusler, Hans-Bernd\n\nStauber, Rudolf\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n96132\nHigh risk of recurrence for patients with breast cancer who have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, node-negative tumors 1 cm or smaller.\n\nGonzalez-Angulo, AM\n\nLitton, JK\n\nBroglio, KR\n\nMeric-Bernstam, F\n\nRakkhit, R\n\nCardoso, F\n\nPeintinger, F\n\nHanrahan, EO\n\nSahin, A\n\nGuray, M\n\nLarsimont, D\n\nFeoli, F\n\nStranzl, H\n\nBuchholz, TA\n\nValero, V\n\nTheriault, R\n\nPiccart-Gebhart, M\n\nRavdin, PM\n\nBerry, DA\n\nHortobagyi, GN\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000272177500008\n19884543.0\n10.1200/JCO.2009.23.2025\nPMC2792998\nPurpose To evaluate the risk of recurrence in women diagnosed with T1a and T1b, node-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Methods We reviewed 965 T1a, bN0M0 breast cancers diagnosed at our institution between 1990 and 2002. Dedicated breast pathologists confirmed HER2 positivity if 3+ by immunohistochemistry or if it had a ratio of 2.0 or greater by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH). Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy or trastuzumab were excluded. Kaplan-Meier product was used to calculate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Cox proportional hazard models were fit to determine associations between HER2 status and survival after adjustment for patient and disease characteristics. Additionally, 350 breast cancers from two other institutions were used for validation. Results Ten percent of patients had HER2-positive tumors. At a median follow-up of 74 months, there were 72 recurrences. The 5-year RFS rates were 77.1% and 93.7% in patients with HER2-positive and HER2-negative tumors, respectively (P < .001). The 5-year DRFS rates were 86.4% and 97.2% in patients with HER2-positive and HER2-negative tumors, respectively (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, patients with HER2-positive tumors had higher risks of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44 to 5.0; P = .002) and distant recurrence (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.23 to 12.62; P < .001) than those with HER2-negative tumors. Patients with HER2-positive tumors had 5.09 times (95% CI, 2.56 to 10.14; P < .0001) the rate of recurrences and 7.81 times (95% CI, 3.17 to 19.22; P < .0001) the rate of distant recurrences at 5 years compared with patients who had hormone receptor-positive tumors. Conclusion Patients with HER2-positive T1abN0M0 tumors have a significant risk of relapse and should be considered for systemic, anti-HER2, adjuvant therapy.\n\nPeintinger, Florentia\n\nStranzl-Lawatsch, Heidi\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n157453\nPsychophysiological Effects of a Single, Short, and Moderately Bright Room Light Exposure on Mildly Depressed Geriatric Inpatients: A Pilot Study.\n\nCanazei, M\n\nPohl, W\n\nBauernhofer, K\n\nPapousek, I\n\nLackner, HK\n\nBliem, HR\n\nMarksteiner, J\n\nWeiss, EM\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000403692600002\n28103597.0\n10.1159/000455231\nNone\nLight interventions typically exert their mood-related effects during morning bright light exposures over several weeks. Evidence about immediate ambient room light effects on depressed individuals is still sparse.\n The present study aimed at examining the acute effects of a single moderately bright room light exposure on mood, and behavioural and cardiac stress reactions of mildly depressed geriatric inpatients during a short cognitive stimulation and while resting.\n Twenty-one inpatients were tested in a balanced cross-over design on 2 consecutive days under either conventional room light (standard light) or artificial sunlight conditions for 30 min. Room illumination was implemented with an artificial skylight, which perfectly imitated solar indoor illumination (e.g., cloudless sky and bright artificial sun). Light-induced changes of mood, heart rate, and heart rate variability were recorded while performing a perseveration test (acted as cognitive stimulation) twice. Additionally, light-related behaviour was observed during a resting period between the cognitive tests and various subjective ratings were obtained.\n Compared to standard light, exposure to artificial sunlight had a subjective calming effect over time (p = 0.029) as well as decreased heart rate and increased vagal tone (root mean squared of successive inter-beat intervals), both under cognitive workload and in resting conditions. Effect sizes of reported cardiac reactions were large. Cognitive variables were not influenced by light. Additionally, under the higher corneal illuminance of the artificial sunlight, patients perceived stronger glare (p = 0.030) and kept their eyes closed for longer times (p = 0.033) during the resting period. However, patients did not avoid bright light exposure while resting but voluntarily stayed within the area directly lit by the artificial sun nearly all the time (97%).\n To our knowledge, this study for the first time demonstrated immediate psychophysiological effects of a single, short room light exposure in mildly depressed geriatric inpatients during a short cognitive stimulation and while resting. The findings complement reported evidence on immediate alerting and mood-related effects of bright light exposures.\n © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.\n\nLackner, Helmut Karl\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n167493\nClinical evaluation of semi-automatic open-source algorithmic software segmentation of the mandibular bone: Practical feasibility and assessment of a new course of action.\n\nWallner, J\n\nHochegger, K\n\nChen, X\n\nMischak, I\n\nReinbacher, K\n\nPau, M\n\nZrnc, T\n\nSchwenzer-Zimmerer, K\n\nZemann, W\n\nSchmalstieg, D\n\nEgger, J\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000431851700015\n29746490.0\n10.1371/journal.pone.0196378\nPMC5944980\nComputer assisted technologies based on algorithmic software segmentation are an increasing topic of interest in complex surgical cases. However-due to functional instability, time consuming software processes, personnel resources or licensed-based financial costs many segmentation processes are often outsourced from clinical centers to third parties and the industry. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to assess the practical feasibility of an easy available, functional stable and licensed-free segmentation approach to be used in the clinical practice.\n In this retrospective, randomized, controlled trail the accuracy and accordance of the open-source based segmentation algorithm GrowCut was assessed through the comparison to the manually generated ground truth of the same anatomy using 10 CT lower jaw data-sets from the clinical routine. Assessment parameters were the segmentation time, the volume, the voxel number, the Dice Score and the Hausdorff distance.\n Overall semi-automatic GrowCut segmentation times were about one minute. Mean Dice Score values of over 85% and Hausdorff Distances below 33.5 voxel could be achieved between the algorithmic GrowCut-based segmentations and the manual generated ground truth schemes. Statistical differences between the assessment parameters were not significant (p<0.05) and correlation coefficients were close to the value one (r > 0.94) for any of the comparison made between the two groups.\n Complete functional stable and time saving segmentations with high accuracy and high positive correlation could be performed by the presented interactive open-source based approach. In the cranio-maxillofacial complex the used method could represent an algorithmic alternative for image-based segmentation in the clinical practice for e.g. surgical treatment planning or visualization of postoperative results and offers several advantages. Due to an open-source basis the used method could be further developed by other groups or specialists. Systematic comparisons to other segmentation approaches or with a greater data amount are areas of future works.\n\nEgger, Jan\n\nWallner, Jürgen\n\nZemann, Wolfgang\n\nZrnc, Tomislav\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n167880\nSarcopenic obesity: Time to meet the challenge.\n\nBarazzoni, R\n\nBischoff, SC\n\nBoirie, Y\n\nBusetto, L\n\nCederholm, T\n\nDicker, D\n\nToplak, H\n\nVan Gossum, A\n\nYumuk, V\n\nVettor, R\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000455069400001\n29857921.0\n10.1016/j.clnu.2018.04.018\nNone\nThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide due to increasingly pervasive obesogenic lifestyle changes. Obesity poses unprecedented individual, social and multi-disciplinary medical challenges by increasing the risk for metabolic diseases, chronic organ failures and cancer, as well as complication rates in the presence of acute disease conditions. Whereas reducing excess adiposity remains the fundamental pathogenetic treatment for obese individuals, complex metabolic and lifestyle abnormalities as well as weight-reduction therapies per se may also compromise the ability to preserve muscle function and mass, especially when chronic disease co-exists with obesity. Emerging evidence indicates that low muscle mass and quality have a strong negative prognostic impact in obese individuals and may lead to frailty, disability and increased morbidity and mortality. Awareness of the importance of skeletal muscle maintenance in obesity is however low among clinicians and scientists. The term "sarcopenic obesity" has been proposed to identify obesity with low skeletal muscle function and mass, but its utilization is largely limited to the aging patient population, and consensus on its definition and diagnostic criteria remains insufficient. Knowledge on prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in various clinical conditions and patient subgroups, on its clinical impacts in patient risk stratification and on effective prevention and treatment strategies remain therefore dramatically inadequate. In particular, optimal dietary options and medical nutritional support strategies to preserve muscle mass in obese individuals remain largely undefined. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) recognize and indicate obesity with altered body composition due to low skeletal muscle function and mass (sarcopenic obesity) as a scientific and clinical priority for researchers and clinicians. ESPEN and EASO therefore call for coordinated action aimed at reaching consensus on its definition, diagnostic criteria and optimal treatment with particular regard to nutritional therapy. We are convinced that achievement of these goals has strong potential to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality in the rapidly increasing obese patient population.\n Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.\n\nToplak, Hermann\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n176121\nThe Austrian biodatabase for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (ABCMML) : A representative and useful real-life data source for further biomedical research.\n\nGeissler, K\n\nJäger, E\n\nBarna, A\n\nGurbisz, M\n\nMarschon, R\n\nGraf, T\n\nGraf, E\n\nBorjan, B\n\nJilch, R\n\nGeissler, C\n\nHoermann, G\n\nEsterbauer, H\n\nSchwarzinger, I\n\nNösslinger, T\n\nPfeilstöcker, M\n\nTüchler, H\n\nReisner, R\n\nSliwa, T\n\nKeil, F\n\nBettelheim, P\n\nMachherndl-Spandl, S\n\nDoleschal, B\n\nZach, O\n\nWeltermann, A\n\nHeibl, S\n\nThaler, J\n\nZebisch, A\n\nSill, H\n\nStauder, R\n\nWebersinke, G\n\nPetzer, A\n\nKusec, R\n\nUlsperger, E\n\nSchneeweiss, B\n\nBerger, J\n\nÖhler, L\n\nGerming, U\n\nSperr, WR\n\nKnöbl, P\n\nJäger, U\n\nValent, P\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000486504800003\n31321531.0\n10.1007/s00508-019-1526-1\nPMC6748886\nIn the Austrian biodatabase for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (ABCMML) clinicolaboratory real-life data have been captured from 606 CMML patients from 14 different hospitals over the last 30 years. It is the only large biodatabase worldwide in which functional methods such as semisolid in vitro cultures complement modern molecular methods such as next generation sequencing. This provides the possibility to comprehensively study the biology of CMML. The aim of this study was to compare patient characteristics with published CMML cohorts and to validate established prognostic parameters in order to examine if this real-life database can serve as a representative and useful data source for further research. After exclusion of patients in transformation characteristics of 531 patients were compared with published CMML cohorts. Median values for age, leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and circulating blasts were within the ranges of reported CMML series. Established prognostic parameters including leukocytes, hemoglobin, blasts and adverse cytogenetics were able to discriminate patients with different outcome. Myeloproliferative (MP) as compared to myelodysplastic (MD)-CMML patients had higher values for circulating blasts, LDH, RAS-pathway mutations and for spontaneous myelomonocytic colony growth in vitro as well as more often splenomegaly. This study demonstrates that the patient cohort of the ABCMML shares clinicolaboratory characteristics with reported CMML cohorts from other countries and confirms phenotypic and genotypic differences between MP-CMML and MD-CMML. Therefore, results obtained from molecular and biological analyses using material from the national cohort will also be applicable to other CMML series and thus may have a more general significance.\n\nSill, Heinz\n\nZebisch, Armin\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n181817\nEffectiveness of multidisciplinary psychiatric home treatment for elderly patients with mental illness: a systematic review of empirical studies.\n\nKlug, G\n\nGallunder, M\n\nHermann, G\n\nSinger, M\n\nSchulter, G\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000511941900002\n31796012.0\n10.1186/s12888-019-2369-z\nPMC6889722\nThe vast majority of older people with mental illness prefer to live independently in their own homes. Barriers caused by the health care system often prevent adequate, adapted treatments. With regard to the increasing ageing of the population, the determination of effective, age-appropriate service models for elderly patients with mental illness is clearly required. The aim of this review is to examine and to evaluate multidisciplinary psychogeriatric treatment models that include home visits, particularly with regard to the effects on psychiatric symptoms, social and mental health rehabilitation and quality of life.\n A systematic review was carried out of empirical studies with participants who were diagnosed with a mental illness according to ICD-10, aged 60 years or older, and who were living at home. The inclusion criteria comprised a duration of intervention of at least 12 weeks and a minimum of two interventions and domiciliary visits delivered by a multidisciplinary team. The online databases Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar, as well as hand search, were used to search for relevant studies published between 1996 and 2016. An additional search was performed for studies published between 2016 and 2019. After removing duplicates, abstracts were screened and the remaining articles were included for full-text review.\n Of the 3536 records discovered in total, 260 abstracts appeared to be potentially eligible. Of these, 30 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. For the additional search 415 records and abstracts were screened and 11 articles were read full text. Finally, only three studies fully met the inclusion criteria for this review. The results indicate that psychogeriatric home treatment is associated with significant improvements of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems, fewer admissions to hospital and nursing homes, as well as lower costs of care.\n Psychogeriatric home treatment has positive effects on older people with mental illness. However, these findings are based upon a small number of studies. The need for further research, especially to specify the effective factors in psychogeriatric home treatment, is clearly indicated.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n182119\nLong Non-Coding RNA PANTR1 is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Influences Angiogenesis and Apoptosis in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Cancer.\n\nSeles, M\n\nHutterer, GC\n\nFoßelteder, J\n\nSvoboda, M\n\nResel, M\n\nBarth, DA\n\nPichler, R\n\nBauernhofer, T\n\nZigeuner, RE\n\nPummer, K\n\nSlaby, O\n\nKlec, C\n\nPichler, M\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000539246000141\n32397610.0\n10.3390/cancers12051200\nPMC7281347\nPOU3F3 adjacent non-coding transcript 1 (PANTR1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA with significant influence on numerous cellular features in different types of cancer. No characterization of its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is yet available. In this study, PANTR1 expression was confined to human brain and kidney tissue and was found significantly up-regulated in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma tissue (ccRCC) compared to non-cancerous kidney tissue in two independent cohorts (p < 0.001 for both cohorts). In uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis, ccRCC patients with higher levels of PANTR1 showed significantly poorer disease-free survival in our own respective cohort (n = 175, hazard ratio: 4.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.45-12.75, p = 0.008) in accordance with significantly poorer overall survival in a large The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) cohort (n = 530, hazard ratio: 2.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.59-3.03, p ≤ 0.001). To study the underlying cellular mechanisms mediated by varying levels of PANTR1 in kidney cancer cells, we applied siRNA-mediated knock-down experiments in three independent ccRCC cell lines (RCC-FG, RCC-MF, 769-P). A decrease in PANTR1 levels led to significantly reduced cellular growth through activation of apoptosis in all tested cell lines. Moreover, as angiogenesis is a critical driver in ccRCC pathogenesis, we identified that PANTR1 expression is critical for in vitro tube formation and endothelial cell migration (p < 0.05). On the molecular level, knock-down of PANTR1 led to a decrease in Vascular Endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and cell adhesion molecule laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2) expression, corroborated by a positive correlation in RCC tissue (for VEGF-A R = 0.19, p < 0.0001, for LAMC2 R = 0.13, p = 0.0028). In conclusion, this study provides first evidence that PANTR1 has a relevant role in human RCC by influencing apoptosis and angiogenesis.\n\nBarth, Dominik Andreas\n\nBauernhofer, Thomas\n\nFoßelteder, Johannes\n\nHutterer, Georg\n\nKlec, Christiane\n\nPichler, Martin\n\nPummer, Karl\n\nResel, Margit\n\nSeles, Maximilian\n\nZigeuner, Richard\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n2691\nTrace elements in formulas based on cow and soy milk and in Austrian cow milk determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.\n\nKrachler, M\n\nRossipal, E\n\nIrgolic, KJ\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000077683700006\n9877537.0\n10.1007/BF02784114\nNone\nWith inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the 18 trace elements Ba, (Be), (Bi), Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, (Sb), (Sn), Sr, (Tl), and Zn were quantified in the digests of 13 formulas based on cow milk, of two formulas based on soy protein, of two milk powders, from which formulas were prepared, of two samples of Austrian cow milk, and in the water, with which the powders were suspended. Concentrations in parentheses were at or below the method detection limits in the formulas. The accuracy and precision of the analytical procedure tested with milk powder reference materials BCR 063 and BCR 150 were satisfactory. The concentrations of trace elements in the powders vary considerably from batch to batch. The ratios of high to low concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 4.8 and were higher for the essential trace elements Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Sn, and Zn than for nonessential or toxic elements. The contribution of tap water from the water system of the city of Graz, Austria to the concentrations of trace elements in the formulas ranges from 45% for Pb to 0.2% for Rb and is negligible, for instance, for Cd, Cs, La, Mo, and Sn. Preformulas and follow-up formulas are partly supplemented with the essential trace elements Cu, Mn, and Zn and, therefore, concentrations of these trace elements in the formulas vary considerably. However, supplementation of a formula with a particular element must not necessarily result in higher concentrations compared to non-supplemented formulas. Concentrations of the essential elements were in the following ranges for preformulas, follow-up formulas, soy-based formulas (in microg/kg): Co, 8.3-11.2, 4.5-13, 5.0-5.7; Cu, 330-750, 27-730, 440-530; Mn, 33-580, 40-390, 440-530; Mo, 10-32, 9-39, 44-46; Sn, <0.44-3.8, <0.44-1.0, <0.44-5.8; Zn, 3340-11, 80, 4120-7100, 5590-6, 40. A preformula supplemented with Mn had a 10 times higher manganese concentration than preformulas without supplementation. Concentrations of all trace elements quantified were lower in cow milk than in formulas and do not meet the dietary requirements of infants.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n7193\nCognitive function and fMRI in patients with multiple sclerosis: evidence for compensatory cortical activation during an attention task.\n\nStaffen, W\n\nMair, A\n\nZauner, H\n\nUnterrainer, J\n\nNiederhofer, H\n\nKutzelnigg, A\n\nRitter, S\n\nGolaszewski, S\n\nIglseder, B\n\nLadurner, G\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000176282700009\n12023316.0\n10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawf125\nNone\nMild cognitive impairment has frequently been reported for patients in the early stages of multiple sclerosis. The aim of the present study was to measure whether altered cortical activation during a sustained attention task occurs along with limited extent of neuropsychological problems. Expanded brain activation of multiple sclerosis patients with normal motor function compared with healthy controls during a finger tapping paradigm has previously been reported. Compensatory brain activation in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with normal controls may also be observed when the subjects are performing cognitive functions. In 21 patients with clinically definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, a psychometric assessment was performed using the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Score (MSFC). In addition, functional MRI was performed during a Paced Visual Serial Addition Task (PVSAT), a visual analogue of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT). All patients were within 3 years of diagnosis and were not suffering from a relapse at the time of investigation. The multiple sclerosis patients were compared with a control group of 21 healthy volunteers matched for handedness, age, years of education and sex. With regard to psychometric results, the WMS general memory score showed statistically significant differences between patients and controls. We did not find differences for either the MSFC or the PASAT scores. A group analysis of the functional imaging data during the PVSAT revealed different activation patterns for patients compared with control subjects. In healthy volunteers, the main activation was found in the frontal part of the right gyrus cinguli (Brodmann area 32). In patients, the main activation was detected at the right hemispheric frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 6, 8 and 9). In addition, the left hemispheric Brodmann area 39 was activated. We interpret the different patterns of activation, accompanied with intact performance in a sustained attention task of our multiple sclerosis sample compared with healthy controls, as the consequence of compensatory mechanisms. This is an expression of neuronal plasticity during early stages of a chronic disease.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n115601\nAge-dependent associations of smoking and drinking with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.\n\nWakabayashi, I\n\nGroschner, K\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000278854400021\n20045152.0\n10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.004\nNone\nSerum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are influenced by habitual smoking and drinking. Non-HDL cholesterol is known to be a potent predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, it remains to be determined whether the associations of non-HDL cholesterol with smoking and drinking differ with age. The objectives of this study were to investigate relationships among smoking, drinking, and non-HDL cholesterol and to investigate interactions of age with smoking and drinking regarding serum non-HDL cholesterol levels. Subjects (54, 20 Japanese men aged 20-69 years) were divided into drinkers and nondrinkers or into smokers and nonsmokers and were further divided into 5 age groups with 10-year intervals. Subjects in each age group were divided into 3 subgroups according to alcohol or cigarette consumption. The mean levels of serum non-HDL cholesterol calculated after adjustment for age and body mass index were compared among the groups. In nondrinkers, non-HDL cholesterol levels of subjects in their 40s or older were significantly higher in heavy smokers than in nonsmokers, whereas non-HDL cholesterol levels of subjects in their 20s and 30s were not significantly different among non-, light, and heavy smokers. In drinkers, non-HDL cholesterol levels of subjects in all age groups were not higher in light and heavy smokers than in nonsmokers. In nonsmokers, non-HDL cholesterol in subjects in their 30s or older was significantly lower in light and heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers, whereas this difference was not observed in subjects in their 20s. In smokers, non-HDL cholesterol levels of subjects in all age groups were significantly lower in light and heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers, and the differences in non-HDL cholesterol between drinkers and nondrinkers tended to increase with advance of age. The difference in non-HDL cholesterol between drinkers and nondrinkers tended to be greater in smokers than in nonsmokers. Thus, the associations of non-HDL cholesterol with smoking and drinking were modified by drinking and smoking, respectively. Smoking is associated with high non-HDL cholesterol in nondrinkers, and drinking is associated with low non-HDL cholesterol in nonsmokers; these associations are shown at middle and elderly ages but not at young ages.\n\nGroschner, Klaus\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n135407\nWhole-heart cine MRI in a single breath-hold--a compressed sensing accelerated 3D acquisition technique for assessment of cardiac function.\n\nWech, T\n\nPickl, W\n\nTran-Gia, J\n\nRitter, C\n\nBeer, M\n\nHahn, D\n\nKöstler, H\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000329342900002\n23996623.0\n10.1055/s-0033-1350521\nNone\nThe aim of this study was to perform functional MR imaging of the whole heart in a single breath-hold using an undersampled 3 D trajectory for data acquisition in combination with compressed sensing for image reconstruction.\n Measurements were performed using an SSFP sequence on a 3 T whole-body system equipped with a 32-channel body array coil. A 3 D radial stack-of-stars sampling scheme was utilized enabling efficient undersampling of the k-space and thereby accelerating data acquisition. Compressed sensing was applied for the reconstruction of the missing data. A validation study was performed based on a fully sampled dataset acquired by standard Cartesian cine imaging of 2 D slices on a healthy volunteer. The results were investigated with regard to systematic errors and resolution losses possibly introduced by the developed reconstruction. Subsequently, the proposed technique was applied for in-vivo functional cardiac imaging of the whole heart in a single breath-hold of 27 s. The developed technique was tested on three healthy volunteers to examine its reproducibility.\n By means of the results of the simulation (temporal resolution: 47 ms, spatial resolution: 1.4 × 1.4 × 8 mm, 3 D image matrix: 208 × 208 × 10), an overall acceleration factor of 10 has been found where the compressed sensing reconstructed image series shows only very low systematic errors and a slight in-plane resolution loss of 15 %. The results of the in-vivo study (temporal resolution: 40.5 ms, spatial resolution: 2.1 × 2.1 × 8 mm, 3 D image matrix: 224 × 224 × 12) performed with an acceleration factor of 10.7 confirm the overall good image quality of the presented technique for undersampled acquisitions.\n The combination of 3 D radial data acquisition and model-based compressed sensing reconstruction allows high acceleration factors enabling cardiac functional imaging of the whole heart within only one breath-hold. The image quality in the simulated dataset and the in-vivo measurement highlights the great potential of the presented technique for an efficient assessment of cardiac functional parameters.\n © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n144736\nQuantification of Shear Deformations and Corresponding Stresses in the Biaxially Tested Human Myocardium.\n\nSommer, G\n\nHaspinger, DCh\n\nAndrä, M\n\nSacherer, M\n\nViertler, C\n\nRegitnig, P\n\nHolzapfel, GA\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000361390400003\n25707595.0\n10.1007/s10439-015-1281-z\nNone\nOne goal of cardiac research is to perform numerical simulations to describe/reproduce the mechanoelectrical function of the human myocardium in health and disease. Such simulations are based on a complex combination of mathematical models describing the passive mechanical behavior of the myocardium and its electrophysiology, i.e., the activation of cardiac muscle cells. The problem in developing adequate constitutive models is the shortage of experimental data suitable for detailed parameter estimation in specific functional forms. A combination of shear and biaxial extension tests with different loading protocols on different specimen orientations is necessary to capture adequately the direction-dependent (orthotropic) response of the myocardium. In most experimental animal studies, where planar biaxial extension tests on the myocardium have been conducted, the generated shear stresses were neither considered nor discussed. Hence, in this study a method is presented which allows the quantification of shear deformations and related stresses. It demonstrates an approach for experimenters as to how the generation of these shear stresses can be minimized during mechanical testing. Experimental results on 14 passive human myocardial specimens, obtained from nine human hearts, show the efficiency of this newly developed method. Moreover, the influence of the clamping technique of the specimen, i.e., the load transmission between the testing device and the tissue, on the stress response is determined by testing an isotropic material (Latex). We identified that the force transmission between the testing device and the specimen by means of hooks and cords does not influence the performed experiments. We further showed that in-plane shear stresses definitely exist in biaxially tested human ventricular myocardium, but can be reduced to a minimum by preparing the specimens in an appropriate manner. Moreover, we showed whether shear stresses can be neglected when performing planar biaxial extension tests on fiber-reinforced materials. The used method appears to be robust to quantify normal and shear deformations and corresponding stresses in biaxially tested human myocardium. This method can be applied for the mechanical characterization of any fiber-reinforced material using planar biaxial extension tests.\n\nRegitnig, Peter\n\nSacherer, Michael\n\nViertler, Christian\n\n\n"
}
]
}