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"text": "\n1625\nMediation by 5_hydroxytryptamine of the femoral vasoconstriction induced by acid challenge of the rat gastric mucosa.\n\nWachter, CH\n\nHeinemann, A\n\nDonnerer, J\n\nPabst, MA\n\nHolzer, P\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000074333800021\n9575302.0\n10.1111%2Fj.1469-7793.1998.541bn.x\nPMC2230965\n1. Gastric mucosal barrier disruption in the presence of luminal acid causes femoral vasoconstriction via a pathway that appears to be stimulated by messengers generated in the injured gastric mucosa. This study was undertaken to analyse the gastric factors that are responsible for the femoral vasoconstrictor response. 2. Gastric mucosal barrier disruption in the presence of luminal acid was induced by perfusing the stomach of urethane-anaesthetized rats with ethanol (15 %) in 0.01-0.15 M HCl. Blood flow in the left gastric and right femoral artery was estimated by the ultrasonic transit time shift technique. 3. Gastric perfusion of ethanol in HCl caused loss of H+ ions from the gastric lumen, decreased the HCO3- concentration in hepatic portal vein blood, induced macroscopic histological damage to the gastric mucosa, dilated the left gastric artery and constricted the femoral artery. These responses were related to the HCl concentration in the ethanol-containing perfusion medium. 4. The femoral vasoconstriction was also seen when, instead of ethanol, taurocholate (20 mM) was used to disrupt the gastric mucosal barrier in the presence of 0.15 M HCl. 5. The femoral vasoconstriction evoked by gastric perfusion of ethanol in HCl was left unaltered by pharmacological blockade of gastrin and histamine receptors. In contrast, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1/2 receptor antagonist methiothepin, but not the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin or the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist granisetron, inhibited the ability of both 5-hydroxytryptamine and gastric acid back-diffusion to constrict the femoral artery. 6. Gastric acid back-diffusion caused release of 5-hydroxytryptamine into the gastric lumen, which was related to the HCl concentration in the ethanol-containing perfusion medium. 7. These data show that femoral vasoconstriction evoked by gastric mucosal barrier disruption depends on back-diffusion of acid into the mucosa. The acid-induced damage results in release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the gastric mucosa, and the pathway leading to constriction of the femoral artery involves 5-hydroxytryptamine acting via 5-HT1/2 receptors as a messenger molecule.\n\nDonnerer, Josef\n\nHeinemann, Akos\n\nHolzer, Peter\n\nPabst, Maria-Anna\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n2094\nPrognosis of Invasive Cervical-Carcinoma in Pregnant Versus Nonpregnant Patients\n\nScholl, W\n\nHaas, J\n\nGiuliani, A\n\nPetru, E\n\nTamussino, K\n\nGucer, F\n\nArikan, G\n\nWinter, R\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:A1997YH14100007\nNone\n10.1055/s-2007-1023149\nNone\nPurpose: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with invasive cervical cancer related to pregnancy and to assess if survival is altered by pregnancy. Methods: We reviewed 20 patients (mean age 34.7 years) with invasive cervical carcinoma diagnosed during pregnancy between 1971 and 1995. This group was compared with 541 non-pregnant controls with invasive cervical cancer. All patients had had radical surgical treatment. Results: The overall (disease-free) 5-year survival rates of the pregnant and non-pregnant patients were 74.4% (6/20 died of disease) and 78.2% (128/541), respectively (p=0.58). The survival rate of a matched group of non-pregnant patients younger than 44 years was 74.8% (57/220) (p = 0.77). Four of the pregnant patients had FlGO stage IA2, 11 stage In, 1 stage IIA, 3 stage IIB, 1 stage IIIb disease. All 4 pregnant patients with stage IA2 disease survived free of recurrence. The 5-year survival rate of the 11 pregnant patients with stage IB did not differ from that of the non-pregnant patients (81.8% [2/11] versus 78.9% [28/126], p=0.65). The pregnant patients with stage II and III disease had a 5-year survival rate of 40% (4/5) and differed from the non-pregnant patients with 69% (66/94) (p = 0.0027). The 5-year survival rates of pregnant and non-pregnant patients with negative lymph nodes were 77.8% (2/9) and 83.6% (25/146), respectively (p=0.74). The 5-year survival rates of pregnant and non-pregnant patients with positive lymph nodes were 53.6% (4/7) and 56.5% (32/74), respectively (p = 0.53). There were no differences in survival rates between pregnant and non-pregnant patients according to squamous cell versus adenocarcinoma and capillary-like space involvement. 4 pregnant patients with stage In delayed therapy for 13 to 26 weeks and survived free of disease. Only 10 of 15 pregnant patients treated immediately after diagnosis survived. Conclusions: Our data do not suggest that pregnancy has an adverse effect on the prognosis of patients with invasive cervical carcinoma. Delaying treatment until the fetus has achieved lung maturity appears to be a possible option for patients with stage I disease.\n\nHaas, Josef\n\nPetru, Edgar\n\nSchöll, Wolfgang\n\nTamussino, Karl\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n4296\nEffect of beta(1)-selective adrenergic blockade on maximal blood lactate steady state in healthy men.\n\nWonisch, M\n\nHofmann, P\n\nFruhwald, FM\n\nHoedl, R\n\nSchwaberger, G\n\nPokan, R\n\nvon Duvillard, SP\n\nKlein, W\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000176073600009\n12012078.0\n10.1007/s00421-002-0595-3\nNone\nThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of taking bisoprolol (B), a highly beta(1)-selective adrenoceptor antagonist to that of a placebo (P) on maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), which reflects the transition from oxidative to partially anaerobic metabolism. Ten healthy male subjects [mean (SD) age 23 (3) years, height 181 (6) cm, body mass 76 (6) kg] randomly received oral P or B (5 mg x day(-1)) for 2 weeks using a double-blind crossover design. In the 2nd week, the subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer test until exhaustion to determine the second blood lactate turn point (LTP(2)). At regular intervals of 24-48 h, the subjects performed 2-3 steady-state tests to determine the MLSS. During the incremental exercise, heart rate (HR) was significantly lower at rest (15 beats x min(-1)), at LTP(2) (23 beats x min(-1)) and at maximal power output (19 beats x min(-1)) when taking B compared to P. Oxygen pulse was significantly higher taking B and no significant differences were observed for any of the respiratory gas exchange measurements (RGEM) (oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio), exercise intensity or blood lactate concentration (LA) at baseline, at LTP(2) and at maximal power output. During exercise at constant intensity, significant differences between B and P were found for HR [148 (12) compared to 176 (11) beats x min(-1)] and oxygen pulse [21.8 (1.9) compared to 19.2 (1.6) ml] at MLSS. No difference was found for exercise intensity [216 (18) compared to 218 (18) W], for RGEM, LA [5.3 (1.1) compared to 4.8 (1.5) mmol x l(-1)] and ratings of perceived exertion [18.1 (1.6) compared to 17.4 (1.7)] for B and P at MLSS. In both, the power output at LTP(2) was slightly higher than power output at MLSS (within an intensity step). Commonly measured cardiorespiratory and subjective variables determined during treatment with 5 mg bisoprolol can be used for testing cardiorespiratory fitness and for prescription of training intensity.\n\nFruhwald, Friedrich\n\nSchwaberger, Guenther\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n6320\nHigh prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in cyclosporin A-induced post-transplant gingival overgrowth tissue and evidence for the possibility of persistent infection despite short-term treatment with azithromycin.\n\nWorm, HC\n\nWirnsberger, GH\n\nMauric, A\n\nHolzer, H\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000222530500035\n15128877.0\n10.1093/ndt/gfh095\nNone\nBACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA) induces gingival overgrowth (GO) in up to a quarter of CsA-treated renal transplant recipients. A short-term therapy with azithromycin effectively reduces GO, indicating a possible involvement of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced GO. We aimed to determine if there could be any relationship between infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and GO pathogenesis. In addition, we determined the long-term persistence rate of C. pneumoniae infection in residual GO tissue when azithromycin treatment failed to eliminate GO. METHODS: Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG and IgM antibody titres were measured by microimmunofluorescence technique in sera of kidney recipients with (n = 11) and without (n = 89) GO. GOs were rated and gingivectomies were performed before treatment with 500 mg of azithromycin for 3 days and at months 6 and 12 post-treatment when C. pneumoniae titres were re-evaluated. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify C. pneumoniae-specific DNA in GO tissues. Results of C. pneumoniae antibody titres from patients with GO were compared with pair-matched controls without GO. RESULTS: Chlamydia pneumoniae IgM titres were elevated in five of 11 patients with GO and in none without GO, whereas the difference of C. pneumoniae IgG titres between patients with GO and pair-matched controls did not reach significance (P<0.57). Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific DNA was found in 10 of 11 GO tissue samples pre-treatment. Azithromycin therapy effectively reduced GO and C. pneumoniae IgM titres. In residual GO, C. pneumoniae-specific DNA remained detectable after 1 year in all GO tissue samples despite azithromycin treatment. The C.pneumoniae IgM titres correlated with GO scores. CONCLUSION: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is highly prevalent in CsA-induced GO. The infection can persist over a long period in residual GO despite short-term azithromycin therapy. The results indicate that CsA immunosuppression enhances C. pneumoniae infection rates in non-cardiovascular tissue.\n\nHolzer, Herwig\n\nWirnsberger, Gerhard\n\nWorm, Harald\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n32668\nA simplified technique for implantation of left ventricular epicardial leads for biventricular re-synchronization using video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS).\n\nGabor, S\n\nPrenner, G\n\nWasler, A\n\nSchweiger, M\n\nTscheliessnigg, KH\n\nSmolle-Jüttner, FM\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000234396600003\n16275002.0\n10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.08.026\nNone\nObjective: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy for treatment of heart failure requires transvenous insertion of both a right ventricular and left ventricular pacing lead. Implantation of the latter by way of the coronary sinus often faits. Therefore, alternative techniques for insertion are required. We applied a simple video-assisted surgical technique (VATS) using only two ports for the insertion of left-ventricular screw-in electrodes. Methods: Fifteen patients (M: 10; F: 5; mean age: 62.2 years; range: 46-76 years) with heart failure meeting the ACC/AHA guidelines for implantation of biventricular pacing underwent transvenous insertion of the right atrial sensor lead and the right ventricular pacing lead. In all of them transvenous implantation of the left ventricular pacing lead failed, and they were planned for VATS. In right-lateral decubitus position and under single-lung ventilation a camera port and a flexible instrumentation port were inserted in the forth intercostal space. By using routine instruments, a T-shaped incision was made lateral to the phrenic nerve and an electrode was screwed in. The lead was guided subcutaneously to the pacemaker. Results: Mean skin-to-skin operating time was 55 +/- 16 min, no conversion to thoracotomy was necessary. All patients were extubated in the operating room and remained in the intensive care unit for less than 24 h. Chest tubes were removed after a mean of 1.6 +/- 0.5 days and the patients were discharged after a mean of 4 +/- 1.3 days. Intraoperative and postoperative pacing thresholds at 1 and 7 months were satisfactory in all cases and there was no lead dislocation. All but two patients had an improvement of their NYHA function class. There was neither surgical morbidity nor mortality. Conclusions: Video-assisted thoracoscopy over two ports seems to be an excellent alternative procedure for epicardial lead implantation. It is readily available and produces good pacing results at a short intervention time and tolerable stress for the patients. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.\n\nPrenner, Günther\n\nSmolle-Juettner, Freyja-Maria\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n93991\n18F9 (4-(3,6-bis (ethoxycarbonyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno (2,3-c) pyridin-2-ylamino)-4-oxobutanoic acid) enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake in vitro and exhibits antidiabetic activity in vivo in db/db mice.\n\nAnandharajan, R\n\nSayyed, SG\n\nDoshi, LS\n\nDixit, P\n\nChandak, PG\n\nDixit, AV\n\nBrahma, MK\n\nDeshmukh, NJ\n\nGupte, R\n\nDamre, A\n\nSuthar, J\n\nPadigaru, M\n\nSharma, SD\n\nNemmani, KV\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000270327100021\n19608207.0\n10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.036\nNone\nInsulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have demonstrated that compounds that cause adipogenesis and improve glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells are potential insulin sensitizers. Therefore, we evaluated one such compound, 18F9, for (1) adipogenesis in human subcutaneous preadipocyte (SQ) cells, (2) glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle myotubes and SQ cells, and (3) antidiabetic activity in db/db mice. We also investigated its effect on ex vivo glucose uptake in soleus muscle isolated from continuously treated db/db mice. Gene expression profiling in soleus muscle and epididymal fat of db/db mice was performed to understand its effect on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis. 18F9 enhanced adipogenesis in SQ cells and increased glucose uptake in SQ and human skeletal muscle myotubes cells. In db/db mice, 18F9 exhibited dose-dependent reduction in plasma glucose and insulin level. Interestingly, 18F9 was as efficacious as rosiglitazone but did not cause body weight gain and hepatic adverse effects. In addition, 18F9 demonstrated no change in plasma volume in Wistar rats. Furthermore, it enhanced ex vivo glucose uptake in soleus muscles in these mice, which substantiates our in vitro findings. Human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma transactivation assay revealed a weak peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma transactivation potential (44% of rosiglitazone at 10 mumol/L) of 18F9. Gene expression profiling indicated that 18F9 increased insulin sensitivity mainly through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. 18F9 also up-regulated genes involved in lipid transport and synthesis at par with rosiglitazone. Unlike rosiglitazone, 18F9 elevated the expression of Pdk4. In addition, 18F9 elevated the expression of glycogen synthase and adiponectin significantly higher than rosiglitazone. Taken together, these observations suggest that 18F9 is a safer and potent insulin sensitizer that demonstrates promising antidiabetic activity and is worth further development.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n99718\nB-RAF and N-RAS Mutations Are Preserved during Short Time In Vitro Propagation and Differentially Impact Prognosis\n\nUgurel, S\n\nThirumaran, RK\n\nBloethner, S\n\nGast, A\n\nSucker, A\n\nMueller-Berghaus, J\n\nRittgen, W\n\nHemminki, K\n\nBecker, JC\n\nKumar, R\n\nSchadendorf, D\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000207444500017\n17311103.0\n10.1371/journal.pone.0000236\nPMC1794595\nIn melanoma, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathway is an area of great interest, because it regulates tumor cell proliferation and survival. A varying mutation rate has been reported for B-RAF and N-RAS, which has been largely attributed to the differential source of tumor DNA analyzed, e.g., fixed tumor tissues or in vitro propagated melanoma cells. Notably, this variation also interfered with interpreting the impact of these mutations on the clinical course of the disease. Consequently, we investigated the mutational profile of B-RAF and N-RAS in biopsies and corresponding cell lines from metastatic tumor lesions of 109 melanoma patients (AJCC stage III/IV), and its respective impact on survival. 97 tissue biopsies and 105 biopsy-derived cell lines were screened for B-RAF and N-RAS mutations by PCR single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Mutations were correlated with patient survival data obtained within a median follow-up time of 31 months. B-RAF mutations were detected in 55% tissues and 51% cell lines, N-RAS mutations in 23% tissues and 25% cell lines, respectively. There was strong concordance between the mutational status of tissues and corresponding cell lines, showing a differing status for B-RAF in only 5% and N-RAS in only 6%, respectively. Patients with tumors carrying mutated B-RAF showed an impaired median survival (8.0 versus 11.8 months, p = 0.055, tissues; 7.1 versus 9.3 months, p = 0.068, cell lines), whereas patients with N-RAS-mutated tumors presented with a favorable prognosis (median survival 12.5 versus 7.9 months, p = 0.084, tissues; 15.4 versus 6.8 months, p = 0.0008, cell lines), each in comparison with wildtype gene status. Multivariate analysis qualified N-RAS (p = 0.006) but not B-RAF mutation status as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. Our findings demonstrate that B-RAF and N-RAS mutations are well preserved during short term in vitro propagation and, most importantly, differentially impact the outcome of melanoma patients.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n140335\nAdipose-derived stem cells cultivated on electrospun l-lactide/glycolide copolymer fleece and gelatin hydrogels under flow conditions - aiming physiological reality in hypodermis tissue engineering.\n\nGugerell, A\n\nNeumann, A\n\nKober, J\n\nTammaro, L\n\nHoch, E\n\nSchnabelrauch, M\n\nKamolz, L\n\nKasper, C\n\nKeck, M\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000348257400022\n25440846.0\n10.1016/j.burns.2014.06.010\nNone\nGeneration of adipose tissue for burn patients that suffer from an irreversible loss of the hypodermis is still one of the most complex challenges in tissue engineering. Electrospun materials with their micro- and nanostructures are already well established for their use as extracellular matrix substitutes. Gelatin is widely used in tissue engineering to gain thickness and volume. Under conventional static cultivation methods the supply of nutrients and transport of toxic metabolites is controlled by diffusion and therefore highly dependent on size and porosity of the biomaterial. A widely used method in order to overcome these limitations is the medium perfusion of 3D biomaterial-cell-constructs. In this study we combined perfusion bioreactor cultivation techniques with electrospun poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (P(LLG)) and gelatin hydrogels together with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for a new approach in soft tissue engineering.\n ASCs were seeded on P(LLG) scaffolds and in gelatin hydrogels and cultivated for 24 hours under static conditions. Thereafter, biomaterials were cultivated under static conditions or in a bioreactor system for three, nine or twelve days with a medium flow of 0.3ml/min. Viability, morphology and differentiation of cells was monitored.\n ASCs seeded on P(LLG) scaffolds had a physiological morphology and good viability and were able to migrate from one electrospun scaffold to another under flow conditions but not migrate through the mesh. Differentiated ASCs showed lipid droplet formations after 21 days. Cells in hydrogels were viable but showed rounded morphology. Under flow conditions, morphology of cells was more diffuse.\n ASCs could be cultivated on P(LLG) scaffolds and in gelatin hydrogels under flow conditions and showed good cell viability as well as the potential to differentiate. These results should be a next step to a physiological three-dimensional construct for soft tissue engineering and regeneration.\n Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.\n\nKamolz, Lars-Peter\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n144921\nMulticenter evaluation of a lateral-flow device test for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients.\n\nEigl, S\n\nPrattes, J\n\nLackner, M\n\nWillinger, B\n\nSpiess, B\n\nReinwald, M\n\nSelitsch, B\n\nMeilinger, M\n\nNeumeister, P\n\nReischies, F\n\nWölfler, A\n\nRaggam, RB\n\nFlick, H\n\nEschertzhuber, S\n\nKrause, R\n\nBuchheidt, D\n\nThornton, CR\n\nLass-Flörl, C\n\nHoenigl, M\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000354243200001\n25927915.0\n10.1186/s13054-015-0905-x\nPMC4421996\nThe incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is increasing, and early diagnosis of the disease and treatment with antifungal drugs is critical for patient survival. Serum biomarker tests for IPA typically give false-negative results in non-neutropenic patients, and galactomannan (GM) detection, the preferred diagnostic test for IPA using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), is often not readily available. Novel approaches to IPA detection in ICU patients are needed. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the performance of an Aspergillus lateral-flow device (LFD) test for BAL IPA detection in critically ill patients.\n A total of 149 BAL samples from 133 ICU patients were included in this semiprospective study. Participating centers were the medical university hospitals of Graz, Vienna and Innsbruck in Austria and the University Hospital of Mannheim, Germany. Fungal infections were classified according to modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria.\n Two patients (four BALs) had proven IPA, fourteen patients (sixteen BALs) had probable IPA, twenty patients (twenty-one BALs) had possible IPA and ninety-seven patients (one hundred eight BALs) did not fulfill IPA criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and diagnostic odds ratios for diagnosing proven and probable IPA using LFD tests of BAL were 80%, 81%, 96%, 44% and 17.6, respectively. Fungal BAL culture exhibited a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 85%.\n LFD tests of BAL showed promising results for IPA diagnosis in ICU patients. Furthermore, the LFD test can be performed easily and provides rapid results. Therefore, it may be a reliable alternative for IPA diagnosis in ICU patients if GM results are not rapidly available.\n ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02058316. Registered 20 January 2014.\n\nFlick, Holger\n\nHönigl, Martin\n\nKrause, Robert\n\nNeumeister, Peter\n\nPrattes, Jürgen\n\nRaggam, Reinhard Bernd\n\nReischies-Meikl, Frederike Marie Josefine\n\nWoelfler, Albert\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n145331\nImpact of preoperative use of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors on clinical outcomes in cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\nSiller-Matula, JM\n\nPetre, A\n\nDelle-Karth, G\n\nHuber, K\n\nAy, C\n\nLordkipanidzé, M\n\nDe Caterina, R\n\nKolh, P\n\nMahla, E\n\nGersh, BJ\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000417693600012\n25943554.0\n10.1177/2048872615585516\nNone\nTo review systematically the evidence and perform a meta-analysis of benefits and risks associated with use of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in coronary artery bypass graft-, non-cardiac- and device surgery. Data selection and analysis: We performed a meta-analysis of published studies. Patients with preoperative use of clopidogrel, ticagrelor or prasugrel (late discontinuation: <5 days before surgery or no discontinuation) were compared with patients without preoperative use of the respective drug (early discontinuation: ⩾5 days before surgery or no users of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors). Outcomes evaluated were re-operation for major bleeding, death, myocardial infarction, combined major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and major haematoma. Using a random effect model, relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each outcome.\n Fifty-four studies met the selection criteria and included 50, 48 patients. Preoperative use of clopidogrel on top of aspirin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of re-operation for bleeding (95% CI: 1.92-3.25; p<0.001) and a 1.47-fold increased risk of death (95% CI: 1.25-1.72; p<0.001), but did not diminish the risk for myocardial infarction (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.75-1.25; p=0.18) or MACE (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.90--1.50; p=0.30). In patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, preoperative use of clopidogrel increased the RR of re-operation for major bleeding by 2.05-fold (95% CI: 1.13-3.73; p=0.002) but did not reduce the RR for MACE or death. Clopidogrel use during cardiac device implantation raised the RR for procedure-related haematoma by 3.0-fold (95% CI: 1.30--6.94; p=0.001). Whereas preoperative ticagrelor use did not increase the risk for mortality (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.49-2.14), preoperative prasugrel use tended to increase the risk for death (RR: 5.06; 95% CI: 0.54-47.65).\n Preoperative exposure to clopidogrel on top of aspirin did not reduce the risk of MACE but was associated with increased risk of bleeding and mortality.\n\nMahla, Elisabeth\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n156027\nProtocol TOP-Study (tacrolimus organ perfusion): a prospective randomized multicenter trial to reduce ischemia reperfusion injury in transplantation of marginal liver grafts with an ex vivo tacrolimus perfusion.\n\nPratschke, S\n\nEder, M\n\nHeise, M\n\nNadalin, S\n\nPascher, A\n\nSchemmer, P\n\nScherer, MN\n\nUlrich, F\n\nWolters, H\n\nJauch, KW\n\nWöhling, D\n\nAngele, MK\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nNone\n23497558.0\n10.1186/2047-1440-2-3\nPMC3626672\nCritical organ shortage results in the utilization of extended donor criteria (EDC) liver grafts. These marginal liver grafts are prone to increased ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) which may contribute to deteriorated graft function and survival. Experimental data have shown that the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus exerts protective effects on hepatic IRI when applied intravenously or directly as a hepatic rinse. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the effects of an ex vivo tacrolimus perfusion on IRI in transplantation of EDC liver grafts.\n The TOP-Study (tacrolimus organ perfusion) is a randomized multicenter trial comparing the ex vivo tacrolimus perfusion of marginal liver grafts with placebo. We hypothesize that a tacrolimus rinse reduces IRI, potentially improving organ survival following transplantation of EDC livers. The study includes livers with two or more EDC, according to Eurotransplant International Foundation's definition of EDC livers. Prior to implantation, livers randomized to the treatment group are rinsed with tacrolimus at a concentration of 20 ng/ml in 1000 ml Custodiol solution and in the placebo group with Custodiol alone. The primary endpoint is the maximum serum alanine transamninase (ALT) level within the first 48 hours after surgery; however, the study design also includes a 1-year observation period following transplantation. The TOP-Study is an investigator-initiated trial sponsored by the University of Munich Hospital. Seven other German transplant centers are participating (Berlin, Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Mainz, Münster, Regensburg, Tübingen) and aim to include a total of 86 patients.\n Tacrolimus organ perfusion represents a promising strategy to reduce hepatic IRI following the transplantation of marginal liver grafts. This treatment may help to improve the function of EDC grafts and therefore safely expand the donor pool in light of critical organ shortage.\n EudraCT number: 2010-021333-31, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01564095.\n\nSchemmer, Peter\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n174912\nAstaxanthin exerts protective effects similar to bexarotene in Alzheimer's disease by modulating amyloid-beta and cholesterol homeostasis in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells.\n\nFanaee-Danesh, E\n\nGali, CC\n\nTadic, J\n\nZandl-Lang, M\n\nCarmen Kober, A\n\nAgujetas, VR\n\nde Dios, C\n\nTam-Amersdorfer, C\n\nStracke, A\n\nAlbrecher, NM\n\nManavalan, APC\n\nReiter, M\n\nSun, Y\n\nColell, A\n\nMadeo, F\n\nMalle, E\n\nPanzenboeck, U\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000476965200013\n31055081.0\n10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.019\nNone\nThe pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by overproduction, impaired clearance, and deposition of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and connected to cholesterol homeostasis. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is involved in these processes, we investigated effects of the retinoid X receptor agonist, bexarotene (Bex), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist and antioxidant, astaxanthin (Asx), on pathways of cellular cholesterol metabolism, amyloid precursor protein processing/Aβ production and transfer at the BBB in vitro using primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (pBCEC), and in 3xTg AD mice. Asx/Bex downregulated transcription/activity of amyloidogenic BACE1 and reduced Aβ oligomers and ~80 kDa intracellular 6E10-reactive APP/Aβ species, while upregulating non-amyloidogenic ADAM10 and soluble (s)APPα production in pBCEC. Asx/Bex enhanced Aβ clearance to the apical/plasma compartment of the in vitro BBB model. Asx/Bex increased expression levels of ABCA1, LRP1, and/or APOA-I. Asx/Bex promoted cholesterol efflux, partly via PPARα/RXR activation, while cholesterol biosynthesis/esterification was suppressed. Silencing of LRP-1 or inhibition of ABCA1 by probucol reversed Asx/Bex-mediated effects on levels of APP/Aβ species in pBCEC. Murine (m)BCEC isolated from 3xTg AD mice treated with Bex revealed elevated expression of APOE and ABCA1. Asx/Bex reduced BACE1 and increased LRP-1 expression in mBCEC from 3xTg AD mice when compared to vehicle-treated or non-Tg treated mice. In parallel, Asx/Bex reduced levels of Aβ oligomers in mBCEC and Aβ species in brain soluble and insoluble fractions of 3xTg AD mice. Our results suggest that both agonists exert beneficial effects at the BBB by balancing cholesterol homeostasis and enhancing clearance of Aβ from cerebrovascular endothelial cells.\n Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.\n\nMalle, Ernst\n\nStracke, Anika\n\nTam-Amersdorfer, Carmen\n\nZandl-Lang, Martina\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n176142\nPrevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Styria, Austria-A retrospective analysis of mother-child examinations 2006-2014.\n\nHerzog, SA\n\nLeikauf, G\n\nJakse, H\n\nSiebenhofer, A\n\nHaeusler, M\n\nBerghold, A\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000484977900026\n31344117.0\n10.1371/journal.pone.0219703\nPMC6657840\nMany women suffer from anemia during their pregnancy. Austria, a central European country, has an instituted mandatory prenatal care system and therein two anemia screening tests (before end of week 16 and in weeks 25-28) are scheduled. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Austria are missing.\n We analysed data from Styria, an Austrian federal state, to determine the prevalence of anemia diagnosed in pregnant women aged 15-45 years with at least one examination in the first and second time period using the cut-off hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of 11 g/dl as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Sensitivity analyses for cut-off values with 10.5 and 7 g/dl (severe anemia) were performed. The STROBE checklist was applied for this retrospective cohort study.\n The study included anemia screening tests from 25, 22 women during 31, 29 pregnancies from 2006-2014. Anemia was diagnosed in either time period in 13.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.4-14.1) of pregnancies, in the first time period in 2.2% (95% CI 2.0-2.2), and in the second time period in 13.0% (95% CI 12.6-13.4). The annual age-adjusted anemia prevalence showed no change over time. Reducing the cut-off value to 10.5 g/dl resulted in an anemia prevalence in either time period of 5.6% (95% CI 5.3-5.8). The pattern of a higher prevalence in the second time period remained unchanged. Severe anemia (Hb <7 g/dl) was diagnosed in four pregnancies (0.01%).\n The estimated anemia prevalence of around 14% in pregnant women in Styria (Austria) is stable over the observed time window (2006-2014) and almost all are diagnosed in the second test period (in weeks 25-28). It seems that in a developed country like Austria the first examination (before week 16) is not mandatory for pregnancy care. However, in other countries where a high prevalence of anemia is common due to risk factors such as malaria and HIV, early screening in pregnancy might be very important.\n\nBerghold, Andrea\n\nHerzog, Sereina Annik\n\nSiebenhofer-Kroitzsch, Andrea\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n178407\nProphylactic use of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus as part of a triple anti-infective regimen in very preterm infants during neonatal intensive care\n\nResch, B\n\nHofer, C\n\nUrlesberger, B\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000496918200003\nNone\n10.22514/SV152.092019.3\nNone\nBackground. Probiotics are increasingly used in neonatal intensive care and prove to reduce rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis and all-cause mortality by meta-analyses. Objective. Aim of the study was to analyze the prophylactic use of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (LCR) as part of a triple anti-infective treatment regimen in very preterm neonates in respect to complications and possible side effects. Setting. This was a study on 1169 very preterm infants of 32 weeks of gestational age and less born between 2005 and 2015 who were admitted within the first 24 hours of life to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and hospitalized for at least 7 days. Design. Retrospective observational STROBE compliant single-center cohort study Intervention. All infants received a standardized prophylactic anti-infective treatment regimen with enteral probiotics (LCR), antifungal agents, and oral gentamycin over the study time starting at the first day of life. Outcome measures. Perinatal and neonatal data were collected for descriptive analysis. Complications possibly avoided by the anti-infective regimen included NEC, late-onset sepsis (LOS), late-onset multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Main results. Eleven of 1169 infants 11 (0.9%) had diagnosis of NEC >= IIa, 141 (12.1%) exhibited at least one episode of LOS, 31 (2.7%) a VAP, and 44 (3.8%) a MODS. Those infants with complications were of younger gestational age (p<0.001), had lower birth weight (p<0.001), lower Apgar scores at 1/5/10 minutes (p<0.001), were more common SGA (p=0.007), had longer courses of mechanical ventilation and longer hospital stays and for longer time parenteral antibiotics (all p<0.001). Mortality rate was increased in infants having experienced complications (6.9 vs. 1.7%, p<0.001). Conclusions. Over an 11-year period, the use of the probiotic LCR as part of an anti-infective regimen was safe and resulted in low rates of NEC, LOS, VAP, and MODS compared to the literature. Those infants with complications had higher mortality rates.\n\nResch, Bernhard\n\nUrlesberger, Berndt\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n182656\nA Preoperative Clinical Risk Score Including C-Reactive Protein Predicts Histological Tumor Characteristics and Patient Survival after Surgery for Sporadic Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: An International Multicenter Cohort Study.\n\nPrimavesi, F\n\nAndreasi, V\n\nHoogwater, FJH\n\nPartelli, S\n\nWiese, D\n\nHeidsma, C\n\nCardini, B\n\nKlieser, E\n\nMarsoner, K\n\nFröschl, U\n\nThalhammer, S\n\nFischer, I\n\nGöbel, G\n\nHauer, A\n\nKiesslich, T\n\nEllmerer, P\n\nKlug, R\n\nNeureiter, D\n\nWundsam, H\n\nSellner, F\n\nKornprat, P\n\nFügger, R\n\nÖfner, D\n\nNieveen van Dijkum, EJM\n\nBartsch, DK\n\nde Kleine, RHJ\n\nFalconi, M\n\nStättner, S\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000539246000176\n32423000.0\n10.3390/cancers12051235\nPMC7280962\nBackground: Oncological survival after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNEN) is highly variable depending on various factors. Risk stratification with preoperatively available parameters could guide decision-making in multidisciplinary treatment concepts. C-reactive Protein (CRP) is linked to inferior survival in several malignancies. This study assesses CRP within a novel risk score predicting histology and outcome after surgery for sporadic non-functional panNENs. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study with national exploration and international validation. CRP and other factors associated with overall survival (OS) were evaluated by multivariable cox-regression to create a clinical risk score (CRS). Predictive values regarding OS, disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed by time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics. Results: Overall, 364 patients were included. Median CRP was significantly higher in patients >60 years, G3, and large tumors. In multivariable analysis, CRP was the strongest preoperative factor for OS in both cohorts. In the combined cohort, CRP (cut-off ≥0.2mg/dL; hazard-ratio (HR):3.87), metastases (HR:2.80), and primary tumor size ≥3.0cm (HR:1.83) showed a significant association with OS. A CRS incorporating these variables was associated with postoperative histological grading, T category, nodal positivity, and 90-day morbidity/mortality. Time-dependent area-under-the-curve at 60 months for OS, DSS, and RFS was 69%, 77%, and 67%, respectively (all p < 0.001), and the inclusion of grading further improved the predictive potential (75%, 84%, and 78%, respectively). Conclusions: CRP is a significant marker of unfavorable oncological characteristics in panNENs. The proposed internationally validated CRS predicts histological features and patient survival.\n\nKornprat, Peter\n\nMarsoner, Katharina\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n182752\nCommissioning, dosimetric characterization and machine performance assessment of the LIAC HWL mobile accelerator for Intraoperative Radiotherapy.\n\nWinkler, P\n\nOdreitz-Stark, S\n\nHaas, E\n\nThalhammer, M\n\nPartl, R\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000600766200005\n32682654.0\n10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.06.004\nNone\nThe LIAC HWL (Sordina IORT Technologies, Vicenza, Italy) is a recently designed mobile linear accelerator for intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT), producing high dose rate electron beams at four different energy levels. It features a software tool for the visualization of 2D dose distributions, which is based on Monte Carlo simulations. The aims of this work were to (i) assess the dosimetric characteristics of the accelerator, (ii) experimentally verify calculated data exported from the software and (iii) report on commissioning as well as performance of the system during the first year of operation.\n The electron energies of the LIAC HWL used in this study are 6, 8, 10 and 12 MeV. Diameters of the cylindrically shaped applicators range from 3 to 10cm. We studied two applicator sets with different length ratios of proximal and terminal applicator sections. Reference dosimetry, linearity as well as short- and long-term stability were measured with a PTW Advanced Markus chamber, relative depth dose and profiles were measured using an unshielded diode. Percentage-depth-dose (PDD) and transversal dose profile (TDP) data were exported from the simulation software LIACSim and compared with our measurements.\n The device reaches dose rates up to 40Gy/min (for 12 MeV). Surface doses for the 10cm applicators are higher than 90%, X-ray background is below 0.6% for all energies. Simulations and measurements of PDD agreed well, with a maximum difference in the depth of the 50% isodose of 0.7mm for the flat-ended applicators and 1mm for the beveled applicators. The simulations slightly underestimate the dose in the lateral parts of the field (difference < 1.8% for flat-ended applicators). The two different applicator sets were dosimetrically equivalent. Long-term stability measurements for the first year of operation ranged from -2.1% to 1.6% (mean: -0.1%).\n The system is dosimetrically well suited for IOeRT and performed stably and reliably. The software tool for visualization of dose distributions can be used to support treatment planning, following thorough validation.\n Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier GmbH.\n\nPartl, Richard\n\nThalhammer, Michael\n\nWinkler, Peter\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n6307\nChanges in blood lactate and respiratory gas exchange measures in sports with discontinuous load profiles.\n\nSmekal, G\n\nvon Duvillard, SP\n\nPokan, R\n\nTschan, H\n\nBaron, R\n\nHofmann, P\n\nWonisch, M\n\nBachl, N\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000184055100011\n12712350.0\n10.1007/s00421-003-0824-4\nNone\nThis study compares two different sport events (orienteering = OTC; tennis = TEC) with discontinuous load profiles and different activity/recovery patterns by means of blood lactate (LA), heart rate (HR), and respiratory gas exchange measures (RGME) determined via a portable respiratory system. During the TEC, 20 tennis-ranked male subjects [age: 26.0 (3.7) years; height: 181.0 (5.7) cm; weight: 73.2 (6.8) kg; maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2)max): 57.3 (5.1) ml.kg(-1).min(-1)] played ten matches of 50 min. During the OTC, 11 male members of the Austrian National Team [age: 23.5 (3.9) years; height: 183.6 (6.8) cm; weight: 72.4 (3.9) kg; VO(2)max: 67.9 (3.8) ml.kg(-1).min(-1)] performed a simulated OTC (six sections; average length: 10.090 m). In both studies data from the maximal treadmill tests (TT) were used as reference values for the comparison of energy expenditure of OTC and TEC. During TEC, the average VO(2) was considerably lower [29.1 (5.6) ml(.)kg(-1.)min(-1)] or 51.1 (10.9)% of VO(2)max and 64.8.0 (13.3)% of VO(2) determined at the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) on the TT. The short high-intensity periods (activity/recovery = 1/6) did not result in higher LA levels [average LA of games: 2.07 (0.9) mmol.l(-1)]. The highest average VO(2 )value for a whole game was 47.8 ml.kg(-1.)min(-1) and may provide a reference for energy demands required to sustain high-intensity periods of tennis predominantly via aerobic mechanism of energy delivery. During OTC, we found an average VO(2) of 56.4 (4.5) ml.kg(-1).min(-1) or 83.0 (3.8)% of VO(2)max and 94.6 (5.2)% of VO(2) at IAT. In contrast to TEC, LA were relatively high [5.16 (1.5) mmol.l(-1)) although the average VO(2) was significantly lower than VO(2) at IAT. Our data suggest that portable RGEM provides valuable information concerning the energy expenditure in sports that cannot be interpreted from LA or HR measures alone. Portable RGEM systems provide valuable assessment of under- or over-estimation of requirements of sports and assist in the optimization and interpretation of training in athletes.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n102998\nPulmonary metastases of breast cancer. When is resection indicated?\n\nWelter, S\n\nJacobs, J\n\nKrbek, T\n\nTötsch, M\n\nStamatis, G\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000261724600017\n18824371.0\n10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.07.063\nNone\nOBJECTIVE: While resection of pulmonary metastases is a common treatment in other primaries, the role of breast cancer metastasectomy is still unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcome of our operated patients with pulmonary breast cancer metastases and discuss the different indications for metastasectomy. METHODS: From January 1998 to December 2007 we retrospectively analysed 47 patients with histologically proven pulmonary metastases from breast cancer. The mean age of the 47 female patients was 56.2 years, the median disease-free interval (DFI) was 3.66 (0-25.8) years and the median follow-up was 20.6 months (3.2-110). RESULTS: The grading of the metastases was higher than the primary tumour in 12 of 45 (26.7%) and lower in 6 of 45 (13.3%) patients. R0, R1 and R2 resections were achieved in 27, 6 and 14 cases. The oestrogen receptor status of the metastases differed from the primary tumour in 11 out of 39 (28.2%) tested cases. Her2-neu receptor status differed in 4 out of 16 tested patients. The histological reports described a tumour spread around the metastasis in lymph or blood vessels in at least one resection specimen in 25 out of 47 (53.2%) patients. The rate of major complications was 5.8%. The overall survival from the first pulmonary metastasectomy was 32 months with a 5-year survival of 36%. The main prognostic factor was the oestrogen receptor status with a 5-year survival for receptor positive patients of 76% and 12.1% for receptor negative ones (p=0.002). A similar survival difference was found for the status of Her2-neu receptor (p=0.037). No prognostic influence could be demonstrated for age, number of metastases, initial tumour stage, complete versus incomplete resection, lymphatic spread, lymph node or parietal pleural involvement. CONCLUSION: The gain in life expectancy in breast cancer patients with pulmonary metastases is based on chemotherapy and antihormone treatment. Tissue of the lung metastasis is needed to adjust medical therapy to oestrogen and Her2-neu expression and to reliably rule out primary lung cancer. In case of proved pulmonary metastases, the level of evidence for a curative approach is low but some patients might benefit.\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n127898\nHeritability Estimates Identify a Substantial Genetic Contribution to Risk and Outcome of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.\n\nDevan, WJ\n\nFalcone, GJ\n\nAnderson, CD\n\nJagiella, JM\n\nSchmidt, H\n\nHansen, BM\n\nJimenez-Conde, J\n\nGiralt-Steinhauer, E\n\nCuadrado-Godia, E\n\nSoriano, C\n\nAyres, AM\n\nSchwab, K\n\nKassis, SB\n\nValant, V\n\nPera, J\n\nUrbanik, A\n\nViswanathan, A\n\nRost, NS\n\nGoldstein, JN\n\nFreudenberger, P\n\nStögerer, EM\n\nNorrving, B\n\nTirschwell, DL\n\nSelim, M\n\nBrown, DL\n\nSilliman, SL\n\nWorrall, BB\n\nMeschia, JF\n\nKidwell, CS\n\nMontaner, J\n\nFernandez-Cadenas, I\n\nDelgado, P\n\nGreenberg, SM\n\nRoquer, J\n\nLindgren, A\n\nSlowik, A\n\nSchmidt, R\n\nWoo, D\n\nRosand, J\n\nBiffi, A\n\non behalf of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000319465400022\n23559261.0\n10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000089\nPMC3684199\nBackground and Purpose-Previous studies suggest that genetic variation plays a substantial role in occurrence and evolution of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Genetic contribution to disease can be determined by calculating heritability using family-based data, but such an approach is impractical for ICH because of lack of large pedigree-based studies. However, a novel analytic tool based on genome-wide data allows heritability estimation from unrelated subjects. We sought to apply this method to provide heritability estimates for ICH risk, severity, and outcome. Methods-We analyzed genome-wide genotype data for 791 ICH cases and 876 controls, and determined heritability as the proportion of variation in phenotype attributable to captured genetic variants. Contribution to heritability was separately estimated for the APOE (encoding apolipoprotein E) gene, an established genetic risk factor, and for the rest of the genome. Analyzed phenotypes included ICH risk, admission hematoma volume, and 90-day mortality. Results-ICH risk heritability was estimated at 29% (SE, 11%) for non-APOE loci and at 15% (SE, 10%) for APOE. Heritability for 90-day ICH mortality was 41% for non-APOE loci and 10% (SE, 9%) for APOE. Genetic influence on hematoma volume was also substantial: admission volume heritability was estimated at 60% (SE, 70%) for non-APOE loci and at 12% (SE, 4%) for APOE. Conclusions-Genetic variation plays a substantial role in ICH risk, outcome, and hematoma volume. Previously reported risk variants account for only a portion of inherited genetic influence on ICH pathophysiology, pointing to additional loci yet to be identified.\n\nSchmidt, Helena\n\nSchmidt, Reinhold\n\nStögerer-Oberschmid, Eva Maria\n\n\n"
},
{
"text": "\n136438\nThe effect of daily consumption of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on oxidant and anti-oxidant parameters in plasma of young healthy women.\n\nFabian, E\n\nElmadfa, I\n\nBeiträge in Fachzeitschriften\nISI:000247546300002\n17896581.0\n10.1024/0300-9831.77.2.79\nNone\nIn recent years there has been increasing interest in the potential beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria, particularly concerning their immune-modulating effects. Considering the involvement of free radicals in immunological processes, we tried to verify and compare the effects of probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) and conventional yoghurt on antioxidant and oxidant parameters in plasma of humans. In this study female volunteers consumed 100 g/day of probiotic (n = 17) or conventional yoghurt (n = 16) for two weeks (T1-T2) and 200 g/day for another two weeks (T2-T3). A wash-out phase lasting two weeks followed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), albumin, and bilirubin were determined photometrically, uric acid was determined by enzymatic methods, and vitamin E, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), and conjugated dienes (CD) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the period of continuous yoghurt intake (T1-T3), mean concentrations of the antioxidants vitamin E, lycopene, and zeaxanthin decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the probiotic and in the control group. The average concentrations of lutein, beta-carotene, albumin, uric acid, and bilirubin decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the probiotic group, only. These alterations led to a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of the average TAC values during the period T1-T3 in both tested groups. In the interval of daily yoghurt consumption (T1-T3) the mean plasma levels of oxidant parameters MDA and CD increased significantly in the probiotic (MDA: p < 0.01; CD: p < 0.001) and the control group (CD: p < 0.01). The average activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quite constant throughout the study in both groups. The mean activities of GSH-Px and catalase decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the probiotic group, only after consuming yoghurt daily for four weeks (T1-T3). Although several parameters changed significantly during the study, no significant differences were observed between both investigated groups. Therefore, the results indicate a possible influence of both probiotic and conventional yoghurt on the plasma levels of antioxidant and oxidant parameters.\n\n\n"
}
]
}