Publication List

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            "id": 164658,
            "title": "Energy Sensing and Eating Behavior\r\nin Patients with Anorexia Nervosa, Athletes, Obese, Overweight and Normal Weight Controls: The Gut Microbiome",
            "abstract": "Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a heterogeneous eating disorder with growing clinical relevance and a distinct impact on body composition. The gut microbiota is essential for the energy harvest from the diet and might therefore have an influence on digestion, satiety and body weight. In this context, gut dysbiosis might contribute to the pathogenesis of AN. The aim of this work is to investigate correlations between the gut microbiota, body composition, physical activity, diet, depression measures and laboratory parameters in a large female cohort divided into different body mass index (BMI) groups, AN patients and normal weight athletes (AT).\n\nMethods: This cross-sectional study investigated the gut microbiome of 106 female participants (AN patients (n=18), AT (n=20), normal weight (n=26), overweight (n=22) and obese women (n=20)). Genomic DNA was isolated from stool samples and bacterial composition was characterized by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. QIIME, a bioinformatic pipeline, was used to analyze data. Participants completed questionnaires about diet, physical activity and depression. Furthermore, anthropometric measurements, assessments of body composition and subcutaneous adipose tissue and laboratory parameters (serum lipids, markers of inflammation and the gut barrier marker zonulin) have been performed.\n\nResults: AN patients and obese participants had significantly lower alpha diversity compared to the other groups, while AT showed highest species richness. Bacterial community structures were significantly associated with body fat parameters, serum lipids, CRP, depression scales and smoking. The bacterial family of Coriobacteriaceae was identified as a significantly enriched phylotype in AN compared to the other groups.\n\nConclusion: This study demonstrates evidence of microbial alterations in AN, points out differences in the gut microbiome among BMI groups and shows correlations between the gut microbiota profile, anthropometric measurements, body composition, body fat distribution, inflammation and depression. These insights may provide new opportunities to improve the standard therapy of AN by addressing the gut microbiota.\n\n",
            "authors": [
                "Mörkl, S"
            ],
            "year": 2018,
            "source": "Doktoratsstudium der Medizinischen Wissenschaft; Humanmedizin; [ Dissertation ] Graz Medical University; 2018. pp. ",
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        {
            "id": 164659,
            "title": "Nicht-chirurgische Behandlung benigner und maligner Tumoren des zentralen Nervensystems",
            "abstract": "Im Jahr 2014 handelte es sich bei 1,6% der in Österreich neu diagnostizierten Krebserkrankungen um einen Primärtumor des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS). Das Lebenszeitrisiko für die Diagnose eines Gehirntumors beträgt etwa 0,6%. Diese Zahlen verdeutlichen die Seltenheit der Diagnose ZNS Tumor. Dennoch beinhaltet die Klassifikation der Weltgesundheitsorganisation mehr als 120 unterschiedliche Tumoren des ZNS. Deren Heterogenität wird durch verschiedene histologische sowie molekulargenetische Charakteristika widergespiegelt, welche nicht nur in der Einteilung der Tumoren berücksichtigt werden, sondern besonders in Differentialdiagnostik und Therapieentscheidung eine essentielle Rolle spielen. Es resultiert eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen konservativen Therapieschemata, die im Einzelfall verwendet werden können. Strahlen- und Chemotherapie, die oft kombiniert genutzt werden, sind dabei besonders relevant. Die Strahlentherapie hat mittlerweile auch Verfahren entwickelt, um tiefer gelegene Tumoren besser zu erreichen und die besonders toxische Ganzhirnbestrahlung zu vermeiden. Die am häufigsten verwendeten chemotherapeutischen Substanzen sind Temozolomid sowie die Kombination von Procarbazin, Vincristin und Carmustin. Bei Lymphomen ist zusätzlich die intrathekale Anwendung von Methotrexat bedeutsam. Der Einsatz von monoklonalen Antikörpern ist wichtiger Bestandteil aktueller Forschung. Supportive Therapiemaßnahmen sind bei allen PatientInnen Teil der Therapie und dienen primär der Erhaltung der Lebensqualität. Neben der Linderung von Symptomen sollen sie auch Nebenwirkungen der Therapie minimieren. Dabei wird vor allem auf Antikonvulsiva, Kortikosteroide und Psychopharmaka zurückgegriffen. Außerdem können spezielle endokrinologische Therapien oder der Einsatz von gerinnungshemmenden Substanzen notwendig sein. Letztendlich sollte jede Therapie Nutzen und Risiko sorgsam abwägen und von einem interdisziplinären Team, in dessen Zentrum die PatientInnen selbst stehen, getroffen werden.",
            "authors": [
                "Bieler, L"
            ],
            "year": 2017,
            "source": "Humanmedizin; [ Diplomarbeit ] Graz Medical University; 2017. pp. ",
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        {
            "id": 210430,
            "title": "Digital Psychiatry - can we imagine robotics as a therapy and prevention tool in psychiatry?",
            "abstract": null,
            "authors": [
                "Reininghaus, EZ",
                "Lenger, M",
                "Häussl, A",
                "Zwigl, I",
                "Fellendorf, FT",
                "Dalkner, N"
            ],
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            "source": "; 2023. ",
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        {
            "id": 164660,
            "title": "Einfluss von präoperativem Plasma-Natrium auf das Überleben nicht metastasierter Nierenzellkarzinompatientinnen und -patienten",
            "abstract": "Einleitung: Oftmals ist es schwierig, die Prognose von Patientinnen und Patienten mit nicht-metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom richtig einschätzen zu können. Deshalb sind Prognosemodelle wichtig für ein optimales postoperatives Management und um Patientinnen und Patienten identifizieren zu können, die von adjuvanten Studien profitieren. Plasma-Natrium ist ein leicht zugänglicher und schnell bestimmbarer Parameter, dessen Entgleisung erwiesenermaßen mit einer erhöhten Mortalität bei vielerlei Erkrankungen einhergeht. Basierend auf diesem Hintergrund bearbeitet diese Studie die Frage, inwiefern sich ein präoperativer Plasma-Natrium-Mangel auf das Überleben eines an nicht metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom erkrankten Patientenkollektives auswirkt.\nMethoden: In diese retrospektiven Studie wurden 667 Patientinnen und Patienten mit nicht-metastasiertem histologisch gesichertem Nierenzellkarzinom eingeschlossen, die sich im Zeitraum von Jänner 2004 bis Dezember 2012 an der Medizinischen Universität Graz einer kurativen radikalen oder partiellen Nephrektomie unterzogen. Im Zuge der Datenerfassung wurde der präoperative (bis zu 2 Wochen vor dem Eingriff) Plasma-Natrium-Wert ermittelt. Die Daten wurden dem Patienten-Erfassungssystem openMEDOCS entnommen.\nErgebnisse: In der univariaten Analyse zeigte sich ein präoperativer Plasma-Natrium-Spiegel mit einem schlechteren Gesamtüberleben assoziiert. (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.1, 95%iges Konfidenzintervall (KI): 1.4 – 6.7, p = 0.004). Allerdings zeigte sich auch ein statisch signifikanter Zusammenhang von Plasma-Natrium-Spiegel und dem Patientenalter (p = 0.005), einer bestehenden Tumornekrose (p = 0.048) und dem T-Stadium (p = 0.021). Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren ergab sich in der multivariaten Analyse ein statistisch grenzwertiger (HR 2.2, KI: 1.0 - 4.8, p = 0.059) Zusammenhang zwischen präoperativem Natriumspiegel und dem Gesamtüberleben von NZK Patientinnen und Patienten.\nSchlussfolgerung: Eine präoperative Hyponatriämie bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit nicht metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom scheint mit einem schlechteren Gesamtüberleben assoziiert zu sein. Dieser leicht zugängliche Biomarker sollte in prospektiven Studien weiter untersucht werden.",
            "authors": [
                "Zisser, S"
            ],
            "year": 2017,
            "source": "Humanmedizin; [ Diplomarbeit ] Graz Medical University; 2017. pp. 52",
            "category": 5,
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            "university": "Graz Medical University",
            "country": "40",
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        },
        {
            "id": 164661,
            "title": "Änderung des Redox-Zustandes von humanem Albumin unter ionisierender und ultravioletter Strahlung",
            "abstract": "Zusammenfassung\nFragestellung:\nIn einigen Arbeiten wurde die Veränderung von Albumin unter erhöhtem oxidativem Stress\nfestgestellt. Es zeigte sich, dass sich die reduzierte Form des Albumins (HMA) zu Gunsten\nder oxidierten Formen (HNA1 und HNA2) verringert hatte.\nIonisierende Strahlung, die in der Krebstherapie eingesetzt wird, erzeugt oxidativen Stress\nim malignen und ungewollt im gesunden Gewebe. Es stellt sich die Frage: Hat dieser durch\nStrahlung ausgelöste oxidative Stress eine Veränderung des Albumins, des häufigsten\nPlasmaeiweißes, zur Folge? In dieser Arbeit soll geklärt werden, ob in vitro bestrahlte\nAlbumin-Proben unterschiedlichster Art einer Veränderung ihres Redox-Zustandes unter\nionisierender und UV-Strahlung unterworfen sind.\nMethode:\nAlbumin-Lösungen, Plasma und Vollblut wurden mit verschiedenen Strahlungsdosen\nzwischen 1 Gray und 100 Gray bestrahlt. Die Strahlung wurde mittels eines\nLinearbeschleunigers appliziert und die Veränderung des Albumins mittels\nHochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) vermessen. Die Daten wurden mit der\nSoftware PeakFit quantitativ ausgewertet. In weiterer Folge wurde der Einfluss von UVStrahlung\nauf Albuminproben (Sigma-Aldrich), HNA1 und HMA ebenfalls auf\nVeränderungen des Redox-Zustandes untersucht. Der Ausschluss einer Aggregatbildung\nwurde mit einem Partikel-Analyser durchgeführt.\nErgebnis:\nDie Versuche mit ionisierender Strahlung konnten die Annahme, der oxidative Stress würde\nin vitro eine Veränderung der Albuminfraktionen zu Gunsten der oxidierten Formen\nverschieben, nicht bestätigen. Eine konzentrationsunabhängige oxidative Veränderung\nkonnte nicht festgestellt werden. Änderungen der Zusammensetzung der Proben sind eher\nauf Schwankungsbreite der Analytik bzw. des Handlings der Proben zurückzuführen.\nIn den Versuchen mit UV-Strahlung zeigte sich eine Oxidation des Albumins. Jedoch konnte\ndie Art der Veränderung durch die Messung mit der HPLC nicht festgestellt werden. Für die\nDifferenzierung der Veränderungen müssten weitere Tests durchgeführt werden. In\nAnwesenheit von Ascorbinsäure konnte die Oxidation stark verlangsamt und sogar\nweitgehend gestoppt werden.\niv\nEs konnte jedoch ausgeschlossen werden, dass eine Aggregatbildung für die Ergebnisse\nverantwortlich war.",
            "authors": [
                "Domes, D"
            ],
            "year": 2018,
            "source": "Humanmedizin; [ Diplomarbeit ] Graz Medical University; 2018. pp. 58",
            "category": 5,
            "document_type": 15,
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            "country": "40",
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        },
        {
            "id": 164662,
            "title": "CELLULAR & MOLECULAR REACTIONS OF PRE-OSTEOBLASTS TO DIFFERENT MAGNESIUM IMPLANTS",
            "abstract": "Background: Among biodegradable implants, Magnesium based implants showed suitable potential, due to their proper mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties. However, in spite of their adequate qualification as bone implants, their fast corrosion rate and vast hydrogen gas release can be considered as a big disadvantage. \nMaterial and methods: Degradation profile of Pure Mg, Mg2Ag and Mg10Gd was studied based on evaluation of Mg ion release over time with ICP-OES method. Alteration in surface morphology and surface chemical elemental composition was determined by scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDX. Effect of surface modification on cell viability was identified by cultivation of MC3T3-E1 cells on 1, 2 and 3 days corroded specimens. Moreover morphology of the cells were analysed on these surfaces by F-actin staining and scanning electron microscopy. The stimulatory and inhibitory effect of Mg ions derived from Pure Mg, Mg2Ag and Mg10Gd extracts on pre-osteoblast cells were analysed by MTT assay with and without pH adjustment. Expression of two osteogenic markers (Collagen I and Runx2) was evaluated on non-corroded specimens at longer immersion times (up to 12 days) by western blot and Immunocytochemistry. Antibacterial activity of Mg2Ag, Mg4Ag and Mg6Ag was assessed towards two most prevalent microbial species (S.aureus and S. epidermidis) up to 3 days of culture with Bio-screen device.\nResults: Mg2Ag and Pure Mg were shown similar pattern of corrosion. Needle shape crystals were detected at day 3 of immersion which were covered the surface of both materials entirely at day 8. There was no evidence of crystal formation on the surface of Mg10Gd at any immersion time. High atomic percentage of Calcium and Phosphor adsorbed to the surface by this material (Mg10Gd) can suppress the surface from crystal formation. Cellular Reaction: pre-corrosion of materials in cell culture medium did not improve cellular behavior as compared to the non-corroded control. Metabolic activity: Low concentration of Mg derived from all specimens had stimulatory effect on MC3T3-E1 cells, while high concentration seemed negatively influence the cells. Gene expression: The cells showed steady down-regulation when cultured on Pure Mg and Mg2Ag up to 12 days. Although similar down-regulation was observed when the cells were cultured on Mg10Gd, but at day 12, the osteogenic potential of the cells came back to the normal level. Antibacterial activity: all silver containing Mg implants exhibited suitable antibacterial properties at low dilutions; however increase in silver content did not result in increase of antibacterial activity.\n",
            "authors": [
                "Mostofi, S"
            ],
            "year": 2017,
            "source": "PhD-Studium (Doctor of Philosophy); Humanmedizin; [ Dissertation ] Graz Medical University; 2017. pp. 146",
            "category": 5,
            "document_type": 16,
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            "university": "Graz Medical University",
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        },
        {
            "id": 164663,
            "title": "The role of ABCG2 transporter in Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)",
            "abstract": "The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC)G2 transporter protects cancer cells from chemotherapy but it also protects from pressure overload-induced ventricular dysfunction. It is upregulated in the myocardium of heart failure patients and is clearing hypoxia-induced intracellular metabolites. This study employs ABCG2 knockout (KO) mice to elucidate the relevance of ABCG2 for pulmonary- and cardiac function and structure in chronic hypoxia, and uses human explanted tissues and primary cells to investigate the role of ABCG2 in humans.\nOur results showed that ABCG2 was present in the main cellular components of the human lung vasculature, and it was upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH). The expression of ABCG2 in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) was regulated by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and inhibition of the transporter abolished the proliferation of these cells. However, when ABCG2 KO and control mice were subjected to 4 weeks normoxia or hypoxia, there was no difference in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension or vascular remodelling between ABCG2 KO and wild type mice. On the other hand, in hypoxia, KO mice showed pronounced right- (RV) and left (LV) ventricular diastolic dysfunction, manifested by an increase in end-diastolic pressure and myocardial fibrosis, whereas systolic function was preserved. Despite increased ventricular remodelling, capillary density was unaffected by ABCG2 and by hypoxia. In line with these observations ABCG2-deficient mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts showed increased collagen production in hypoxia. \nAs a conclusion, we provide evidence that particularly under hypoxia, loss of ABCG2 leads to biventricular fibrosis with diastolic dysfunction, although it does not affect pulmonary hypertension, RV afterload and capillary density. Our study raises concerns regarding the use of ABCG2 inhibitors in cancer patients especially with hypoxemia or ischemic heart disease, as it might cause drug-induced cardiotoxicity.",
            "authors": [
                "Nagy, B"
            ],
            "year": 2017,
            "source": "PhD-Studium (Doctor of Philosophy); Humanmedizin; [ Dissertation ] Graz Medical University; 2017. pp. 81",
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        {
            "id": 164664,
            "title": "Fracture assessment using MR based methods",
            "abstract": "To date, the analysis of bone fractures is based on the evaluation of radiographic methods. These methods are predominantly relying on the experience of the radiological expert and include the exposure to ionizing radiation. In contrary, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for the examination of hard and soft tissue structures without exposure to radiation. However, the application of MRI especially within the context of the assessment of the age of a fracture is a novel approach which has the potential to become especially important in cases of maltreatment, child abuse, insurance litigations and follow-up prosecution. \nThe herein presented work outlines two experimental trials for the identification and evaluation of morphological and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameters in order to determine the time span since a bone fracture occurred. First a retrospective data analysis of a previously accomplished preclinical explorative trial was done. Goal of this preclinical study was to simulate a qMRI fracture analysis and to determine whether and to what extent the healing process can be defined by sequential changes when using MRI. Second, an ongoing long term explorative clinical trial involving adult humans was established, in which relevant human specific parameters and additional MR sequences were tested.\nIn the original preclinical trial epiphyseal drill-hole fractures of the tibia were surgically inflicted in 7 Sprague-Dawley rats before scanning them on a 3T scanner (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). Within the clinical trial, fractures of 34 test subjects were scanned on a 3T scanner (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). All sequences allowed the morphological evaluation of fractures as well as the calculation of quantitative maps. These maps were used to analyse the fractures according to the time line of fracture repair. Furthermore, within the clinical trial, a morphological evaluation of the data was performed. By comparison of the error rates of the quantitative and morphological (qualitative) approach, a determination of the accuracy of the quantitative fracture analysis was established.\nWithin both trials changes along the time line of fracture healing were established. Additionally, the radiological examination showed poor agreements with the actual time of fracture occurrence, presenting a clear need for an improved method for fracture analysis.\nTo conclude, all results indicate a high potential for qMRI not only within a clinical context to detect e.g. growth defects or developmental alterations in juvenile bone but also for forensically relevant questions such as the analysis of the fracture and the fractures age in cases of maltreatment, abuse or insurance litigations.",
            "authors": [
                "Baron, K"
            ],
            "year": 2017,
            "source": "Doktoratsstudium der Medizinischen Wissenschaft; Humanmedizin; [ Dissertation ] Graz Medical University; 2017. pp. 114",
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        },
        {
            "id": 164665,
            "title": "Deciphering the role of intestinal DGAT1 in lipid\r\nand energy homeostasis",
            "abstract": "Obesity and its associated disorders have risen to epidemic proportions globally and thus concomitantly increased the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.\nElevated circulating plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations are characteristic features often associated with the metabolic syndrome. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the final and only dedicated step of TG biosynthesis. DGAT1 and DGAT2 are two known forms of DGAT enzymes. DGAT1 deficiency in mice results in a metabolically beneficial phenotype of resistance to diet-induced obesity and fatty liver disease and increased energy expenditure, which is reversed when DGAT1 is expressed only in the intestine. Furthermore, DGAT1 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-/- mice\nhas an athero-protective role partially due to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations and reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption.In the first part of this thesis, we used intestine-specific DGAT1 knockout (IDGAT1-/-) mice to elucidate the contribution of intestinal DGAT1 (I-DGAT1) activity in TG and cholesterol homeostasis. Cholesterol absorption, as measured by acute and fractional cholesterol absorption assays, was severely reduced in the small intestine and liver of I-DGAT1-/-mice. When challenged with high-fat/high cholesterol diet, I-DGAT1-/- mice exhibit resistance to diet-induced obesity coupled with lower plasma TC and cholesteryl ester concentrations compared to control littermates. Observations of I-DGAT1 deficiency phenocopy findings in whole body DGAT1-/- and DGAT1 inhibitor-treated mice. The postprandial chylomicron metabolism is altered in I-DGAT1-/- mice as simultaneous gavage of [3H]triolein and [14C]cholesterol revealed a reduced chylomicron secretion rate and radiotracer counts in plasma and lymph chylomicrons. In addition, deficiency/inhibition of DGAT1 results in smaller chylomicron size and increased trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion. We show that the improved cholesterol phenotype is a result of decreased enterocyte cholesterol secretion and altered dietary FA metabolism. In summary our findings provide insight into a novel role of DGAT1 and identify a pathway by which I-DGAT1 deficiency affects whole-body cholesterol homeostasis in mice by altering chylomicron metabolism and increasing TICE.\nIn the second part, we explored the contribution of DGAT enzymes in the maintenance of thermoregulation upon acute and chronic cold exposure. Circulating lipoproteins like chylomicrons play a significant role towards fuel replenishment in the brown adipose tissue during high energy demand conditions. Therefore, we determined whether reduced circulating cholesterol concentrations and smaller chylomicron size observed in I-DGAT1-/- mice affects thermoregulation upon acute or chronic cold exposure. We observed increased uptake of chylomicron-derived lipids in the BAT of cold-exposed I-DGAT1-/- mice. Furthermore, acute thermogenesis was slightly improved in I-DGAT1-/-mice but the adaptive thermogenesis was comparable between control and I-DGAT1-/- mice. In addition, using in vitro and in vivo pharmacological DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibition studies, we determined that TG biosynthesis via DGAT enzymes in BAT is fundamental for the replenishment of the FA pool to sustain thermogenesis during shivering as well as non-shivering thermogenesis. ",
            "authors": [
                "Sachdev, V"
            ],
            "year": 2017,
            "source": "PhD-Studium (Doctor of Philosophy); Humanmedizin; [ Dissertation ] Graz Medical University; 2017. pp. 139",
            "category": 5,
            "document_type": 16,
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            "imported": "2018-01-19T12:15:23+01:00",
            "journal": null,
            "issn": null,
            "collection_publisher": null,
            "collection_title": null,
            "edition": null,
            "university": "Graz Medical University",
            "country": "40",
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